高考成绩陆续公布

近日，各地高考成绩陆续公布。志愿怎么填，未来怎么选？
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🤔️小作业： 1. According to the passage, the "cumulative net value-added earnings" metric includes all of the following EXCEPT: A. The total earnings of college enrollees over a period. B. The earnings of workers who never attended college. C. The cost of tuition and room and board. D. The potential income from part-time jobs during college.

无注释原文： Which college majors offer the best long-term return on investment?
From: CBS NEWS
As college costs climb and skepticism about higher education grows, many Americans are asking whether a bachelor's degree is still worth the price.
A new analysis of Texas public college students shows that, long-term, they generally earn far more than those who never attended college, even in liberal arts.
The analysis, by the Postsecondary Commission, a nonprofit education group, tracked about 29,000 students who enrolled in bachelor's degree programs in the 2008-09 academic year. Researchers then tracked their "cumulative net value-added earnings" over the next 15 years.
That metric compares college enrollees' total earnings over a period of time with those of workers who never attended college, while also subtracting educational expenses such as tuition, room and board and income lost while attending their higher-education program.
On average, college entrants outearned high school graduates by almost $87,000 over that 15-year period, even after accounting for college costs.
Engineering and architecture majors enjoyed the highest returns. But even liberal arts majors, whose degrees can translate into lower earnings, outperformed their peers without bachelor's degrees by about $35,000, the study found.
"Those pursuing a bachelor's degree — regardless of field of study — are likely making a wise investment," Michael Itzkowitz, president of higher education consulting firm HEA Group, told CBS News of the findings. "That's a financial gain that will likely grow even more over time, as these learners and earners progress throughout their careers."
The Postsecondary Commission study is limited to Texas students, and results may vary in other states where regional economic differences can require different levels of employment training, Itzkowitz noted. But the analysis shows that even lower-paying fields of study tend to offer economic benefits for college enrollees, he said.
"This study is quite rigorous, as it takes opportunity costs into account, meaning it includes the foregone costs of spending time in college in comparison to those who begin working straight out of high school," he said.
To be sure, the research focuses on students who enrolled in college nearly two decades ago, before generative AI reshaped the labor market. Some recent graduates have expressed concerns that AI could reduce entry-level opportunities, raising new questions about the long-term value of higher education.
- ◆ - 注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为AI翻译，仅供参考 含注释全文：
Which college majors offer the best long-term return on investment?
From: CBS NEWS
As college costs climb and skepticism about higher education grows, many Americans are asking whether a bachelor's degree is still worth the price.
随着大学学费节节攀升，公众对高等教育的疑虑与日俱增，许多美国人不禁发问：一纸学士学位，是否还值得如此高昂的投入？

skepticism
美式 skepticism 英式 scepticism /ˈskep.tɪ.sɪ.zəm/ 表示“怀疑态度；怀疑主义”，英文解释为“an attitude of doubting that claims or statements are true or that sth will happen”

bachelor's degree
bachelor /ˈbætʃ.əl.ər/ 表示“独身男子，单身汉”，英文解释为“a man who has never married” bachelor's degree /ˌbætʃ.əl.əz dɪˈɡriː/ 表示“学士学位”，英文解释为“a first degree at college or university”
📍词根“bachelor”源自中世纪拉丁语“baccalarius”，最初指小农场的主人。后来指未婚男士，也用于指学士学位。

A new analysis of Texas public college students shows that, long-term, they generally earn far more than those who never attended college, even in liberal arts .
一项针对得克萨斯州公立大学学生的最新分析揭示了一个耐人寻味的现象：从长远视角看，即便是文科毕业生，其收入也普遍远超那些从未踏入大学校门的人。

liberal arts
liberal arts /ˌlɪb.ər.əl ˈɑːts/ 表示“（大学的）文科”，英文解释为“college or university subjects, such as history, languages, and literature, that develop students' general education rather than preparing them for a particular job”
Liberal arts college 常见翻译“文理学院”，又称“博雅学院”，起源于美国，是美国高校的重要种类之一。但“文理学院”这个翻译并不完全准确，Liberal arts college 通常指的是以博雅教育为核心的本科院校，这些学院提供广泛的学科教育，包括人文学科、社会科学、自然科学和数学等，旨在培养学生的批判性思维、写作和沟通能力。“liberal arts”虽然字面上可以理解为“文科”，但在美国的教育体系中，它涵盖了更广泛的学术领域，不仅限于传统的文科。

The analysis, by the Postsecondary Commission, a nonprofit education group, tracked about 29,000 students who enrolled in bachelor's degree programs in the 2008-09 academic year. Researchers then tracked their " cumulative net value-added earnings" over the next 15 years.
这项研究由非营利教育组织“高等教育委员会”（Postsecondary Commission）主导，追踪了约2.9万名在2008至2009学年踏入本科殿堂的学生。研究者随后细数了他们此后15年的“累计净增值收入”。

nonprofit
non-profit /ˌnɒnˈprɒf.ɪt/ 表示“（机构）非营利性的”，英文解释为“not intended to make a profit, but to make money for a social or political purpose or to provide a service that people need”

enroll
表示“（使）加入；注册；招（生）；吸收”，英文解释为“If you enrol or are enrolled at an institution or in a class, you officially join it.”举个🌰：I was enrolled at the University in 2016. 我是2016年上大学的。

cumulative
cumulative /ˈkjuː.mjə.lə.tɪv/ 表示“累积的；渐增的”，英文解释为“If a series of events have a cumulative effect, each event makes the effect greater.”举个🌰：It is simple pleasures, such as a walk on a sunny day, which have a cumulative effect on our mood. 诸如在晴朗的日子散步这样简朴的乐趣对我们的情绪有累积性益处。
📍词根/词缀：cumulative由动词cumulate和后缀-ive构成，动词cumulate表示累积、积聚，-ive是一个形容词后缀。词源：来自拉丁语cūmulātus，意为堆积、积累。常用搭配：cumulative effect（累积效应）、cumulative data（累积数据）。

That metric compares college enrollees' total earnings over a period of time with those of workers who never attended college, while also subtracting educational expenses such as tuition, room and board and income lost while attending their higher-education program.
这一指标巧妙地将大学入学者的总收入与从未上过大学的劳动者进行横向对比，并剔除了学费、食宿费以及求学期间所放弃的收入等教育成本，从而得出净收益。

metric
metric /ˈmet.rɪk/ 作形容词，表示“公制的，米制的”，英文解释为“using or relating to a system of measurement that uses metres, centimetres, litres, etc.”举个🌰：The recipe is given in both metric and imperial measures. 制作方法以公制和英制两种计量方法标出。
作名词，它通常表示“度量标准”或“衡量指标”。它用于描述一种可以量化或衡量某个事物的标准或指标，英文解释为“a standard or measure for assessing something”。

subtract
subtract /səbˈtrækt/ 表示“减，减去”，英文解释为“to remove a number from another number”举个🌰：Four subtracted from ten equals six. 10减去4等于6。

On average, college entrants outearned high school graduates by almost $87,000 over that 15-year period, even after accounting for college costs.
平均而言，在这15年的时光里，大学入学者的收入比高中毕业生高出近8.7万美元——即便将大学期间的所有开销悉数扣除，这一差距依然赫然在目。

entrant
entrant /ˈen.trənt/ 1）表示“新成员；新会员；新职员”，英文解释为“a person who becomes a member of a group or organization”如：new entrants to the school/company 学校新生/公司新职员。
2）表示“参赛者；考生”，英文解释为“a person who takes part in a competition or an exam”举个🌰：All entrants complete two three-hour papers. 所有的考生都要完成两场历时3小时的笔试。
3）表示“首次销售某种产品（或服务）的公司；在某处首次开始经营的公司”，英文解释为“a company that starts selling a particular product or service, or selling in a particular place, for the first time”举个🌰：As a recent entrant to the Japanese market, the company is at a disadvantage compared to Japanese suppliers. 因为是首次登陆日本市场，这家公司跟日本供应商相比处于劣势。

outearn
out-earn /ˌaʊtˈɜːn/ 表示“比别人赚得多”，英文解释为“to earn more money than someone else”举个🌰：She started in a very junior role at the company, but was soon out-earning others who had been recruited before her. 她一开始在公司担任非常初级的职位，但很快就在业绩方面超过了先于她入职的同事。

Engineering and architecture majors enjoyed the highest returns. But even liberal arts majors, whose degrees can translate into lower earnings, outperformed their peers without bachelor's degrees by about $35,000, the study found.
工程与建筑专业独占鳌头，回报最为丰厚。然而，即便是那些常被视为“低薪”的文科专业，其毕业生也比没有学士学位的同龄人多赚约3.5万美元，研究结果如是说。
"Those pursuing a bachelor's degree — regardless of field of study — are likely making a wise investment," Michael Itzkowitz, president of higher education consulting firm HEA Group, told CBS News of the findings. "That's a financial gain that will likely grow even more over time, as these learners and earners progress throughout their careers."
高等教育咨询公司HEA集团（HEA Group）总裁迈克尔·伊茨科维茨（Michael Itzkowitz）就此研究结果对CBS新闻表示：“无论选择哪个专业，攻读学士学位的人很可能都在做一笔明智的投资。随着这些学习者和劳动者在职业生涯中步步攀升，这笔经济收益还会与日俱增。”
The Postsecondary Commission study is limited to Texas students, and results may vary in other states where regional economic differences can require different levels of employment training, Itzkowitz noted. But the analysis shows that even lower-paying fields of study tend to offer economic benefits for college enrollees, he said.
伊茨科维茨指出，高等教育委员会的研究仅局限于得克萨斯州的学生，在其他州，由于地区经济差异，就业培训的需求层次各异，结果可能不尽相同。但他强调，分析表明，即便是那些收入相对较低的学科领域，也往往能为大学入学带来实实在在的经济回报。
"This study is quite rigorous , as it takes opportunity costs into account, meaning it includes the foregone costs of spending time in college in comparison to those who begin working straight out of high school," he said.
他说：“这项研究相当严谨，因为它将机会成本纳入了考量——换言之，它计算了与高中毕业后直接就业的人相比，花时间上大学所放弃的那部分收入。”

rigorous
1）表示“严格缜密的；谨慎的；细致的；彻底的”，英文解释为“A test, system, or procedure that is rigorous is very thorough and strict.”举个🌰：The selection process is based on rigorous tests of competence and experience. 挑选过程是建立在对能力和经验严格缜密的考核的基础之上的。
2）表示“严格的，严厉的”，英文解释为“controlling behaviour in a severe way”如：the rigorous controls governing the sale of shares 对管理股权出售进行的严格控制。

foregone
foregone意思是“因选择其他方案而放弃的”或“错失的”。foregone costs（放弃成本）在经济学中就是著名的“机会成本”（Opportunity Cost）。

forgo /fɔːˈɡəʊ/ 作动词，表示“放弃，摒绝（令人愉悦之物）”，英文解释为“to not have or do something enjoyable”举个🌰：I shall have to forgo the pleasure of seeing you this week. 这周我只好放弃与您相见的那份荣幸了。

To be sure, the research focuses on students who enrolled in college nearly two decades ago, before generative AI reshaped the labor market. Some recent graduates have expressed concerns that AI could reduce entry-level opportunities, raising new questions about the long-term value of higher education.
需要指出的是，这项研究聚焦于近二十年前入学的学生，彼时生成式人工智能（Generative AI）尚未撼动劳动力市场的格局。如今，一些应届毕业生忧心忡忡：AI是否会蚕食入门级岗位？这无疑为高等教育的长期价值投下了新的阴影。
- 词汇盘点 - skepticism、 bachelor's degree、 liberal arts、 nonprofit、 enroll、 cumulative、 metric、 subtract、 entrant、 outearn、 rigorous、 foregone
- 词汇助记 By AI - Despite skepticism about a liberal arts bachelor's degree, a nonprofit study tracked entrants' cumulative earnings. The metric didn't subtract costs, but graduates outearned peers. A foregone conclusion? Not quite—the rigorous data showed a clear edge. - 推荐阅读 - 日更11年了， 也许只有我自己会看完这60000字
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