中国“灵晟”登顶全球超算榜

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🤔️小作业：

1. According to the passage, what is a key difference between LineShine and most high-end supercomputers?

A. LineShine uses standard microprocessors instead of graphics processing units.

B. LineShine relies on high-precision mathematics with 64-bit data.

C. LineShine is located in a cloud computing center rather than a national laboratory.

D. LineShine was built by a start-up company rather than a government agency.

无注释原文：

China Takes Supercomputer Crown From U.S. for First Time Since 2017

From: The New York Times

China took back a coveted computing crown from the United States on Tuesday, ratcheting up a fierce technological competition that has implications for science, national security and geopolitics.

LineShine, a massive computing system in Shenzhen, China, was declared the world's fastest by a group of researchers using a set of standard tests for supercomputers. Besides raw speed, the system stood out because it uses only standard microprocessors and not the special-purpose chips called graphics processing units, which most high-end supercomputers rely on for heavy number crunching.

That underlying design could point to a better way to blend artificial intelligence with traditional scientific tasks, said Jack Dongarra, an organizer of the so-called Top500 list of the world's most powerful supercomputers.

Dr. Dongarra, a professor of computer science and electrical engineering at the University of Tennessee, recently inspected the new machine, at the Shenzhen Cloud Computing Center. LineShine's test results were more than 20 percent faster than those of El Capitan, a system at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California that has topped a twice-yearly ranking of supercomputer performance since November 2024. China had not placed a machine at the top of the list since 2017.

“It's an impressive system,” Dr. Dongarra said of LineShine. “They upped us by developing a system that is not reliant on GPUs.”

The new supercomputer adds to the race between China and the United States for technological supremacy. U.S. tech giants like OpenAI, Anthropic and Google have developed leading A.I. models, while another American company, Nvidia, has become the world's dominant supplier of A.I. chips. China has tried to innovate in different ways, with the Chinese start-up DeepSeek releasing a cutting-edge A.I. model last year using just a tiny fraction of specialized A.I. chips.

Supercomputers, a term for the largest machines dedicated to science, have been used since the 1960s for tasks like creating climate models, cracking codes and designing nuclear weapons. They typically use high-precision mathematics, expressing numbers with 64 bits of data.

Commercial A.I. systems from companies like Google and OpenAI, by contrast, can be even faster. They can use approximations for tasks such as identifying images or selecting the next word in a sentence, relying on what are known as four-bit and eight-bit numbers that allow the systems to make many simpler calculations at once.

“It is notable and impressive what China has done here, but they can't hold a candle to these massive A.I. supercomputers that have been built by American A.I. labs” and others, Mr. Goodrich said.

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为纽约时报官方译文，仅供参考

含注释全文：

China Takes Supercomputer Crown From U.S. for First Time Since 2017

From: The New York Times

China took back a coveted computing crown from the United States on Tuesday, ratcheting up a fierce technological competition that has implications for science, national security and geopolitics.

周二，中国从美国手中夺回了令人垂涎的计算桂冠，令这场对科学、国家安全及地缘政治均具深远影响的技术竞赛愈演愈烈。

coveted /ˈkʌvətɪd/表示“令人垂涎的；梦寐以求的”，英文解释为“You use coveted to describe something that very many people would like to have.”举个🌰：The Booker Prize is the most coveted British literary award. 布克奖是最令人向往的英国文学奖。

covet /ˈkʌvət/ 作动词，即表示“贪求；垂涎，觊觎”，英文解释为“to have a very strong desire to have something that someone else has”，举个🌰：She always coveted power but never quite achieved it. 她一直贪求权力，但从未得逞。

crown /kraʊn/ 作动词，1）表示“为…加冕”，英文解释为“to put a crown on the head of a new king or queen as a sign of royal power”举个🌰：Queen Elizabeth was crowned in 1952. 伊丽莎白女王于1952年加冕。

2）表示“（尤指通过增添成就、成功等）使圆满，使完美”，英文解释为“to make sth complete or perfect, especially by adding an achievement, a success, etc.”举个🌰：The award of the Nobel Prize has crowned a glorious career in physics. 荣获诺贝尔奖使其物理学研究的辉煌事业达到了顶点。

作名词，表示“王冠，皇冠；冕”，英文解释为“a circular decoration for the head, usually made of gold and jewels (= precious stones), and worn by a king or queen at official ceremonies”

📍crowning /ˈkraʊ.nɪŋ/ 表示“（事件，成就）最伟大的，最重要的”，英文解释为“A crowning event or achievement is the best or most important one.”如：the crowning achievement of her long career 她漫长职业生涯的最高成就。

ratchet sth up/down 表示“逐步增加/减少”，英文解释为“to increase/reduce something over a period of time”举个🌰：The debate should ratchet up awareness of the problem among members of the general public. 这场辩论可以使普通百姓逐步认识这个问题。

implication /ˌɪm.plɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ 1）表示“可能的影响（或作用、结果）”，英文解释为“a possible effect or result of an action or a decision”举个🌰：The development of the site will have implications for the surrounding countryside. 这个地点的开发将会影响周围的乡村。

2）表示“含意；暗指，暗示”，英文解释为“an occasion when you seem to suggest something without saying it directly”举个🌰：From what she said, the implication was that they were splitting up. 她的话中暗示他们将要分手。

LineShine, a massive computing system in Shenzhen, China, was declared the world's fastest by a group of researchers using a set of standard tests for supercomputers. Besides raw speed, the system stood out because it uses only standard microprocessors and not the special-purpose chips called graphics processing units, which most high-end supercomputers rely on for heavy number crunching.

一个对超级计算机进行标准测试的研究团队宣布，位于中国深圳的大型计算系统“灵晟”(LineShine)是全球最快计算机。除了绝对速度外，该系统的一大亮点是仅使用了标准微处理器，而没有依赖大多数高端超级计算机用于繁重数值计算的专用芯片——图形处理器。

microprocessor /ˌmaɪ.krəʊˈprəʊ.ses.ər/ 表示“微处理器”，英文解释为“a part of a computer that controls its main operations”

crunch /krʌntʃ/ 作名词，表示“（突发的）不足，短缺；（尤指）缺钱”，英文解释为“a situation in which there is suddenly not enough of sth, especially money”如：a budget/energy/housing crunch 预算金额/能源/住房短缺。

📍the crunch 表示“严峻的形势；紧要关头；需要作出艰难抉择的时刻”，英文解释为“a difficult situation that forces you to make a decision or do something”举个🌰：The crunch came when I was forced to choose between my marriage and my career. 关键时刻到了，我不得不在婚姻和事业之间作出选择。

作动词，1）表示“嘎吱地咬嚼；嘎吱作响”，英文解释为“to crush hard food loudly between the teeth, or to make a sound as if something is being crushed or broken”举个🌰：She was crunching noisily on an apple. 她嘎吱嘎吱地嚼着苹果。

2）表示“（快速大量地）处理信息”，英文解释为“to deal with large amounts of data very quickly”

That underlying design could point to a better way to blend artificial intelligence with traditional scientific tasks, said Jack Dongarra, an organizer of the so-called Top500 list of the world's most powerful supercomputers.

田纳西大学计算机科学与电气工程教授、全球超级计算机“TOP500榜单”组织者之一杰克·唐加拉表示，这一底层设计可能指出了一条将人工智能与传统科学任务更好地融合的新路径。

1）表示“暗含的；深层的；潜在的”，英文解释为“real but not immediately obvious”举个🌰：And what might be the underlying significance of these supposedly random acts? 这些看似偶然的行为，其暗含的意义可能是什么呢？

2）表示“以…为基础的”，英文解释为“used to describe something on which something else is based”举个🌰：The price of the investment fell below the value of the underlying assets. 这一投资项目的价格已经跌至低于标的资产价值。

blend /blend/ 表示“（不同东西或风格的）混合品，混合物”，英文解释为“a mixture of different things or styles”如：a rich blend of the finest coffee beans 各种上等咖啡豆的混合品。

作动词，blend /blend/ 表示“（使）混合，（使）混杂;（使）交融”，英文解释为“to mix or combine together”举个🌰：Blend the ingredients into a smooth paste. 将这些原料混和成均匀的糊状。

Dr. Dongarra, a professor of computer science and electrical engineering at the University of Tennessee, recently inspected the new machine, at the Shenzhen Cloud Computing Center. LineShine's test results were more than 20 percent faster than those of El Capitan, a system at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California that has topped a twice-yearly ranking of supercomputer performance since November 2024. China had not placed a machine at the top of the list since 2017.

唐加拉近期查验了位于深圳云计算中心的新机器。灵晟的测试结果比美国加州劳伦斯利弗莫尔国家实验室的“酋长岩”(El Capitan)快了20%以上；自2024年11月以来，“酋长岩”一直占据着这份每半年更新一次的超级计算机性能排名榜首。自2017年以来，中国尚无系统登顶该榜单。

“It's an impressive system,” Dr. Dongarra said of LineShine. “They upped us by developing a system that is not reliant on GPUs.”

“这是一套令人印象深刻的系统，”唐加拉在谈及灵晟时说。“他们通过开发不依赖GPU的系统超越了我们。”

reliant /rɪˈlaɪ.ənt/ 表示“依赖的，依靠的”，英文解释为“needing a particular thing or person in order to continue, to work correctly, or to succeed”举个🌰：He's completely reliant on his wheelchair to get about. 他完全依靠轮椅出行。

The new supercomputer adds to the race between China and the United States for technological supremacy. U.S. tech giants like OpenAI, Anthropic and Google have developed leading A.I. models, while another American company, Nvidia, has become the world's dominant supplier of A.I. chips. China has tried to innovate in different ways, with the Chinese start-up DeepSeek releasing a cutting-edge A.I. model last year using just a tiny fraction of specialized A.I. chips.

这台新的超级计算机加剧了中美之间争夺技术霸权的竞赛。美国的科技巨头如OpenAI、Anthropic和谷歌已开发出领先的AI模型，而另一家美国公司英伟达则已成为全球AI芯片的主导供应商。中国试图通过不同的方式创新，例如中国初创公司深度求索去年仅使用了极小部分的专用AI芯片，便发布了尖端AI模型。

1）表示“支配地位；最高地位，至高无上”，英文解释为“If one group of people has supremacy over another group, they have more political or military power than the other group.”

2）表示“优势”，英文解释为“If someone or something has supremacy over another person or thing, they are better.”举个🌰：In the United States Open final, she retained overall supremacy. 在美国网球公开赛的决赛中，她保持着全面的优势。

cutting-edge /ˌkʌt.ɪŋˈedʒ/ 表示“尖端的，前沿的”，英文解释为“Cutting-edge techniques or equipment are the most advanced that there are in a particular field.”举个🌰：What we are planning is cutting-edge technology never seen before. 我们正在筹划的是前所未见的尖端技术。

🎬电影《像素大战》（Pixels）中的台词提到：I'm thinking this is a cutting-edge multinational enterprise. 我想是某先进跨国组织干的。

fraction /ˈfræk.ʃən/ 表示“少量”，英文解释为“A fraction of something is a tiny amount or proportion of it.”举个🌰：She hesitated for a fraction of a second before responding. 她犹豫了一下才回应。

At a fraction of sth意味着以某物的极低价格或者比其他事物小得多的尺寸、数量等。换句话说，就是以远低于原价的价格，或者比其他事物占用更少的资源或空间。（for a much lower price than something else, or in a much smaller size, amount, etc. than something else）

Supercomputers, a term for the largest machines dedicated to science, have been used since the 1960s for tasks like creating climate models, cracking codes and designing nuclear weapons. They typically use high-precision mathematics, expressing numbers with 64 bits of data.

超级计算机——用于科学研究的巨型机器——自20世纪60年代以来一直被用于创建气候模型、破译密码和设计核武器等任务。它们通常使用高精度数学运算，即用64位数据来表示数字。

Commercial A.I. systems from companies like Google and OpenAI, by contrast, can be even faster. They can use approximations for tasks such as identifying images or selecting the next word in a sentence, relying on what are known as four-bit and eight-bit numbers that allow the systems to make many simpler calculations at once.

相比之下，谷歌和OpenAI等公司的商用AI系统甚至可以更快。它们可以使用近似值来完成识别图像或选择句子中下一个单词等任务，依靠所谓的四位和八位数字使系统能够同时进行更多更简单的计算。

approximation /əˌprɒk.sɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/ 表示“粗略估计；近似值”，英文解释为“a guess of a number that is not exact but that is close”举个🌰：Could you give me a rough approximation of how many people will be coming? 你能告诉我要来的大概人数吗？

“It is notable and impressive what China has done here, but they can't hold a candle to these massive A.I. supercomputers that have been built by American A.I. labs” and others, Mr. Goodrich said.

古德里奇说：“中国在此方面的成就值得注意且令人印象深刻，但他们无法与美国AI实验室及其他机构建造的这些大规模AI超级计算机相提并论。”

表示“不能和…相比”，英文解释为“to not be as good as the person or thing mentioned”举个🌰：Her latest book is readable enough, but it can't hold a candle to her earlier work. 她最新出版的书有一定的可读性，但不能同早期的作品媲美。

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