橄榄油有多健康？

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🤔️小作业：

1. How does the article structure its discussion of olive oil's benefits?

A. By presenting a study and analyzing its limitations.

B. By comparing olive oil to other fats in each paragraph.

C. By focusing on one health aspect and expanding to others.

D. By listing benefits in separate sections with supporting evidence.

无注释原文：

How Healthy Is Olive Oil?

From: The New York Times

Many of the healthiest communities worldwide have something in common — diets rich in olive oil.

Olive oil is one of the “key drivers” of the diet's health benefits, said Catherine Itsiopoulos, a nutrition researcher at RMIT University in Melbourne, Australia, who studies olive oil. It is the “healthiest type of fat” to use in your diet, she added.

It helps keep your heart healthy.

Of all the plant-based oils, olive oil has among the highest concentrations of monounsaturated fats and polyphenols. These compounds, particularly one called oleic acid, work to balance cholesterol levels, lower blood pressure and keep the heart healthier over time.

In a large 2018 clinical trial in Spain, people at high risk of cardiovascular disease who followed a Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil (at least four tablespoons per day) reduced their risk of heart attack, stroke and death from cardiovascular causes by 30 percent, compared with a group who followed a low-fat diet.

“One single food cannot have the same effect as the whole Mediterranean cuisine,” Dr. Itsiopoulos said. “Still, even a few tablespoons of olive oil consumed per day can have a significant cardiovascular benefit.”

It can reduce inflammation.

Along with its polyphenols, olive oil contains other antioxidants like vitamin E and squalene. These all help to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, both of which can cause cell damage and disease, said Elena M. Yubero-Serrano, a research scientist at the Spanish National Research Council who studies the relationship between food and aging.

Olive oil may also benefit metabolic health by improving blood sugar control and potentially lowering the risk of Type 2 diabetes, Dr. Yubero-Serrano said.

It's good for your brain.

The healthy fats and antioxidants in olive oil also help protect the brain and reduce the risk of cognitive decline, said Marta Guasch-Ferré, a nutrition researcher and associate professor at the University of Copenhagen.

Analyzing the health data of more than 90,000 U.S. adults over 28 years, Dr. Guasch-Ferré and her team found that those who consumed more than half a tablespoon of olive oil per day had a 28 percent lower risk of dying from dementia compared with those who never or rarely consumed olive oil. They also had a significantly lower risk of dying from cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease and cancer.

Much of this research is observational, so it's difficult to prove cause and effect for a single food. Still, the findings support replacing sources of saturated fats (like butter, mayonnaise or margarine) with olive oil to stave off premature death, Dr. Guasch-Ferré said.

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注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为纽约时报官方译文，仅供参考

含注释全文：

How Healthy Is Olive Oil?

From: The New York Times

Many of the healthiest communities worldwide have something in common — diets rich in olive oil.

全球许多最健康的社区都有一个共同点——饮食中富含橄榄油。

olive oil /ˌɒl.ɪv ˈɔɪl/ 表示“橄榄油”，英文解释为“a yellow or green oil, made by pressing olives”

Olive oil is one of the “key drivers” of the diet's health benefits, said Catherine Itsiopoulos, a nutrition researcher at RMIT University in Melbourne, Australia, who studies olive oil. It is the “healthiest type of fat” to use in your diet, she added.

澳大利亚墨尔本皇家理工大学研究橄榄油的营养学研究员凯瑟琳·伊齐奥普洛斯表示，橄榄油是地中海饮食健康益处的“关键驱动因素”之一。她补充说，这是饮食中“最健康的脂肪类型”。

It helps keep your heart healthy. 它有助于保持心脏健康

Of all the plant-based oils, olive oil has among the highest concentrations of monounsaturated fats and polyphenols. These compounds, particularly one called oleic acid, work to balance cholesterol levels, lower blood pressure and keep the heart healthier over time.

在所有植物油中，橄榄油的单不饱和脂肪和多酚浓度名列前茅。这些化合物——特别是其中一种叫做油酸的物质——能够平衡胆固醇水平、降低血压，随着时间的推移，能够令心脏更加健康。

concentration /ˌkɒn.sənˈtreɪ.ʃən/ 除了表示我们平常熟悉的“专注、专心；关注、重视；集中、聚集”等，还可以表示“浓度”，英文解释为“the exact amount of one particular substance that is found in another substance”举个🌰：High concentrations of toxic elements were found in the polluted areas. 在被污染地区发现了高浓度的有毒元素。

monounsaturated /ˌmɒn.əʊ.ʌnˈsætʃ.ər.eɪ.tɪd/ 表示“单不饱和的（其化学结构只有一个双键，据信单不饱和油脂，如橄榄油，比饱和油脂更健康）”，英文解释为“with a chemical structure that contains one double bond. Monounsaturated fat, for example olive oil, is thought to be healthier than saturated fat.”

compound /ˈkɒm.paʊnd/ 作名词，1）表示“化合物，复合物，混合物”，英文解释为“a chemical that combines two or more elements”举个🌰：Salt is a compound of sodium and chlorine. 盐是钠和氯的化合物。

2）表示“（围起来的）场地，楼群，院落”，英文解释为“an area surrounded by fences or walls that contains a group of buildings”举个🌰：They marched into the compound. 他们进入大院。

作动词，表示“使加重，使加剧，使恶化”，英文解释为“to make a problem or difficult situation worse”举个🌰：Her terror was compounded by the feeling that she was being watched. 她有种被人监视的感觉，这加剧了她的恐惧感。

🎬电影《盗梦空间》（Inception）中的台词提到：And when you enter a dream within that dream, the effect is compounded. 当你进入梦中梦，效果会更强。

作形容词，表示“复合的”，英文解释为“consisting of two or more parts”或者表示“（利息）以复利计算的”，英文解释为“used to refer to a system of paying interest in which interest is paid both on the original amount of money invested (= given to companies hoping to get more back) or borrowed and on the interest that has collected over a period of time”如：compound interest 复利。

cholesterol /kə'lɛstərɔl/ 表示“胆固醇”，英文解释为“Cholesterol is a substance that exists in the fat, tissues, and blood of all animals. Too much cholesterol in a person's blood can cause heart disease.”如：a dangerously high cholesterol level. 危险的高胆固醇水平。

In a large 2018 clinical trial in Spain, people at high risk of cardiovascular disease who followed a Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil (at least four tablespoons per day) reduced their risk of heart attack, stroke and death from cardiovascular causes by 30 percent, compared with a group who followed a low-fat diet.

2018年在西班牙进行的一项大型临床试验中，与遵循低脂饮食的对照组相比，遵循地中海饮食并补充特级初榨橄榄油（每天至少四汤匙）的高危心血管疾病患者心脏病发作、中风以及因心血管疾病导致的死亡风险降低了30%。

clinical trial /ˌklɪn.ɪ.kəl ˈtraɪ.əl/ 表示“临床试验”，英文解释为“a scientific test of the effectiveness and safety of something such as a drug or medical treatment, which involves using it with patients in a controlled way”举个🌰：Scientists are conducting large-scale clinical trials to test whether aspirin can reduce the risk of bowel cancer. 科学家们正在开展大规模临床试验，研究阿司匹林是否能降低大肠癌风险。

cardiovascular /ˌkɑːdɪəʊˈvæskjʊlə/ 表示“心血管的”，英文解释为“Cardiovascular means relating to the heart and blood vessels.”举个🌰：Smoking places you at serious risk of cardiovascular and respiratory disease. 吸烟会严重增加罹患心血管和呼吸道疾病的风险。

tablespoon /ˈteɪ.bəl.spuːn/ 表示“大餐匙，大汤匙；一大餐匙的量”，英文解释为“(the amount held by) a large spoon used for measuring or serving food”如：three tablespoons of sugar 3勺糖。

stroke /strəʊk/ 1）表示“中风”，英文解释为“a sudden change in the blood supply to a part of the brain, sometimes causing a loss of the ability to move particular parts of the body”举个🌰：She suffered/had a stroke that left her unable to speak. 她中风了，不能开口说话。

2）表示“（使用武器的）击，打”，英文解释为“an act of hitting someone with a weapon”举个🌰：The punishment was 20 strokes of the lash. 惩罚是被抽20下鞭子。

“One single food cannot have the same effect as the whole Mediterranean cuisine,” Dr. Itsiopoulos said. “Still, even a few tablespoons of olive oil consumed per day can have a significant cardiovascular benefit.”

“单靠一种食物无法达到完整的地中海饮食所带来的效果，”伊齐奥普洛斯说。“不过，每天只需食用几汤匙橄榄油，就能对心血管产生显著的益处。”

It can reduce inflammation. 它可以减轻炎症

Along with its polyphenols, olive oil contains other antioxidants like vitamin E and squalene. These all help to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, both of which can cause cell damage and disease, said Elena M. Yubero-Serrano, a research scientist at the Spanish National Research Council who studies the relationship between food and aging.

除了多酚，橄榄油还含有维生素E和角鲨烯等其他抗氧化剂。西班牙国家研究委员会研究食物与衰老关系的科研人员埃琳娜·尤贝罗-塞拉诺表示，这些成分都有助于减轻炎症和氧化应激，而这两者都会导致细胞损伤和疾病。

inflammation /ˌɪn.fləˈmeɪ.ʃən/ 表示“炎（症）”，英文解释为“a red, painful, and often swollen area in or on a part of your body”举个🌰：Aspirin reduces pain and inflammation. 阿司匹林可缓解疼痛和炎症。

antioxidant /ˌæn.tiˈɒk.sɪ.dənt/ 表示“抗氧化剂，阻氧化剂，防老（化）剂”，英文解释为“a substance that slows down the rate at which something decays because of oxidization”

oxidative /ɒkˈsɪd.ə.tɪv/ 表示“氧化的”，英文解释为“An oxidative chemical reaction adds oxygen to the tissues of the body.”如：oxidative damage 氧化损伤。

Olive oil may also benefit metabolic health by improving blood sugar control and potentially lowering the risk of Type 2 diabetes, Dr. Yubero-Serrano said.

尤贝罗-塞拉诺指出，橄榄油还可以改善血糖控制，潜在降低2型糖尿病风险，从而有益于代谢健康。

metabolic /ˌmɛtəˈbɒlɪk/ 表示“新陈代谢的”，英文解释为“Metabolic means relating to a person's or animal's metabolism.”举个🌰：People who have inherited a low metabolic rate will gain weight. 因遗传而新陈代谢速度慢的人会发胖。

diabetes /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtɪs, -tiːz/ 表示“糖尿病”，英文解释为“a disease in which the body cannot control the level of sugar in the blood.”

It's good for your brain. 它对大脑有益

The healthy fats and antioxidants in olive oil also help protect the brain and reduce the risk of cognitive decline, said Marta Guasch-Ferré, a nutrition researcher and associate professor at the University of Copenhagen.

哥本哈根大学的营养学研究员兼副教授玛塔·瓜施-费雷表示，橄榄油中的健康脂肪和抗氧化剂也有助于保护大脑并降低认知能力下降的风险。

Analyzing the health data of more than 90,000 U.S. adults over 28 years, Dr. Guasch-Ferré and her team found that those who consumed more than half a tablespoon of olive oil per day had a 28 percent lower risk of dying from dementia compared with those who never or rarely consumed olive oil. They also had a significantly lower risk of dying from cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease and cancer.

通过对9万多名美国成年人长达28年的健康数据进行分析，瓜施-费雷博士及其团队发现，与从不或极少食用橄榄油的人相比，每天摄入超过半汤匙橄榄油的人死于失智症的风险要低28%。同时，他们死于心血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病和癌症的风险也显著降低。

respiratory /rɪˈspɪr.ə.tər.i/ 表示“呼吸的”，英文解释为“relating to breathing”举个🌰：Smoking can cause respiratory diseases. 吸烟会导致呼吸系统疾病。

Much of this research is observational, so it's difficult to prove cause and effect for a single food. Still, the findings support replacing sources of saturated fats (like butter, mayonnaise or margarine) with olive oil to stave off premature death, Dr. Guasch-Ferré said.

这些研究大多是观察性的，因此很难证明单一食物的因果关系。尽管如此，瓜施-费雷博士表示，这些研究成果支持用橄榄油替代饱和脂肪来源（如黄油、蛋黄酱或人造黄油），以预防过早死亡。

stave sth/sb off表示“（通常指暂时地）挡住，阻止，避开；延缓”，英文解释为“to stop something bad from happening, or to keep an unwanted situation or person away, usually temporarily”举个🌰：We were hoping to stave off these difficult decisions until September. 我们希望将这些难以抉择的事搁到9月份。

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