极端天气为何越来越频繁？

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🤔️小作业：

1. Based on the passage, what can be inferred about the relationship between El Niño and extreme weather in China?

A. El Niño is the primary cause of all extreme weather events in China.

B. The Ministry of Emergency Management confirmed that El Niño will reduce extreme weather.

C. El Niño may contribute to more extreme weather this summer, according to officials.

D. El Niño has no significant impact on China's weather patterns.

无注释原文：

Typhoon Maysak Lashes China With Heavy Rain as Another Storm Nears

From: The New York Times

Torrential rain and strong winds caused by Typhoon Maysak left at least 15 people dead in southern and central China, as the region braced for more extreme weather in the coming days.

Flooding in the southern Chinese city of Nanning, the capital of Guangxi Province, killed at least four people and forced nearly 62,000 to evacuate. Almost three days of heavy rain fell from Saturday morning to Monday evening, overwhelming rivers and reservoirs.

In Hubei Province, 11 people were killed during severe storms and tornadoes on Monday.

China is experiencing intense weather events more frequently, a phenomenon that Chinese officials have linked to the effects of global warming. In addition, China's Ministry of Emergency Management said last month that this year's El Niño, a recurring weather pattern, may cause more extreme weather in the country this summer.

Typhoon Maysak made landfall in the southern island province of Hainan on Friday, prompting officials to stop trains and ferries and close schools. On Saturday it swept into northern Vietnam, which borders Guangxi, then headed north.

Nanning's deputy mayor said that the breach of two reservoirs in Hengzhou, a prefecture of Nanning, had caused “severe loss of life and property” for residents. Footage of one of those reservoirs, the Liulan reservoir, showed brown floodwaters rushing past a broken wall and directly toward residents' homes.

Other videos showed inundated roads, farmland and buildings, including a school. In Guigang, another city in Guangxi, a wide road and the cars along it were submerged by floodwaters, which flowed in torrents downhill into a construction site.

In Hubei Province, where 11 people died, tornadoes, severe storms and winds of up to 90 miles per hour were recorded, according to the province's Emergency Management Department, which said that one person was still missing.

China's National Meteorological Center said on Tuesday that the typhoon had weakened, but more than 10 inches of rain was still expected through Wednesday in parts of Guangxi as well as in the provinces of Jiangsu and Shandong in the east and Liaoning in the north. Weather officials also said there was a possibility of tornadoes in parts of Anhui province as well as in Jiangsu and Shandong.

A Category 5 super typhoon, named Typhoon Bavi, lashed Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands with powerful winds and heavy rain on Monday and is moving toward southeastern China. It is expected to pass near Taiwan on Friday and make landfall near the border of Zhejiang and Fujian provinces on Saturday, according to China's National Meteorological Center.

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为纽约时报官方译文，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Typhoon Maysak Lashes China With Heavy Rain as Another Storm Nears

From: The New York Times

Torrential rain and strong winds caused by Typhoon Maysak left at least 15 people dead in southern and central China, as the region braced for more extreme weather in the coming days.

由台风“美莎克”引发的暴雨和强风已导致中国南部和中部地区至少15人死亡，该地区在未来几天还将面临更多极端天气的考验。

torrential /təˈrenʃl/表示“（雨）倾泻似的，如注的”，英文解释为“used to refer to very heavy rain”，如：torrential rain 倾盆大雨，a torrential downpour/storm 如注的大雨/暴风雨。

作名词，表示“箍子；夹子；支架”英文解释为“a device that holds things firmly together or holds and supports them in position”

作动词，brace for 表示“作准备，准备迎接（令人不快的事）”，英文解释为“to mentally or physically prepare yourself or someone else for something unpleasant that is going to happen”举个🌰：They are bracing themselves for a long legal battle. 他们在为漫长的法律诉讼作准备。

📍C罗等球员在脸上涂口红反对家暴文中提到，brace作名词，还可以表示“（尤指猎获的野鸟的）一双，一对”，英文解释为“two things of the same type, especially two wild birds that have been killed for sport or food”如：a brace of pheasants 一对野鸡； The word “brace” in the English language means “two” or a “pair”. When the term “brace” is used in soccer, it is referring to the act of one player scoring 2 goals in a single game. If a player has “scored a brace” it means they have scored twice.

📍在体育比赛中，也有成双成对的含义，指的就是“两个球”相当于two goals，因此，score a brace或者make a brace就有进两个球的意思，也就是我们常听到新闻报道中出现的“梅开二度”。

Flooding in the southern Chinese city of Nanning, the capital of Guangxi Province, killed at least four people and forced nearly 62,000 to evacuate. Almost three days of heavy rain fell from Saturday morning to Monday evening, overwhelming rivers and reservoirs.

在广西壮族自治区首府南宁市，洪涝灾害已导致至少四人死亡，迫使近6.2万人紧急疏散。从周六上午到周一晚上，持续近三天的强降雨导致当地河流和水库水位暴涨，不堪重负。

evacuate /ɪˈvæk.ju.eɪt/ 表示“疏散; 使…撤离”，英文解释为“To evacuate someone means to send them to a place of safety, away from a dangerous building, town, or area.”举个🌰：They were planning to evacuate the ten officials still in the country. 他们当时在计划将仍在那个国家的10位官员撤离。

overwhelm /ˌoʊvərˈwelm/ 1）表示“（强烈地影响而）使不知所措”，英文解释为“If you are overwhelmed by a feeling or event, it affects you very strongly, and you do not know how to deal with it.”举个🌰：He was overwhelmed by a longing for times past. 他陷入了一种对过去的渴望而不能自拔。

2）表示“彻底制服；击败”，英文解释为“If a group of people overwhelm a place or another group, they gain complete control or victory over them.”举个🌰：It was clear that one massive Allied offensive would overwhelm the weakened enemy. 显然同盟国一次大规模的进攻就会彻底击败已被削弱的敌军。

reservoir /ˈrez.ə.vwɑːr/ 1）表示“水库；蓄水池”，英文解释为“a place for storing liquid, especially a natural or artificial lake providing water for a city or other area”

2）表示“储备；储藏；宝库”，英文解释为“a large supply of something”举个🌰：The universities constitute a reservoir of expert knowledge. 大学是专业知识的宝库。

In Hubei Province, 11 people were killed during severe storms and tornadoes on Monday.

在湖北省，周一发生的强风暴和龙卷风袭击已导致11人死亡。

📍tornado /tɔːˈneɪdəʊ/ 表示“龙卷风；旋风”，英文解释为“a strong, dangerous wind that forms itself into an upside-down spinning cone and is able to destroy buildings as it moves across the ground”

📍hurricane /ˈhʌrɪkən, -keɪn/ 表示“（尤指西大西洋的）飓风”，英文解释为“a violent wind that has a circular movement, especially in the West Atlantic Ocean”

📍storm表示“风暴；暴风雨”，英文解释为“an extreme weather condition with very strong wind, heavy rain, and often thunder and lightning”

📍cyclone /ˈsaɪkləʊn/ 表示“旋风；气旋；龙卷风”，英文解释为“a violent tropical storm or wind in which the air moves very fast in a circular direction”

📍typhoon /taɪˈfuːn/ 表示“（西太平洋面的）台风”，英文解释为“a violent wind that has a circular movement, found in the West Pacific Ocean”

China is experiencing intense weather events more frequently, a phenomenon that Chinese officials have linked to the effects of global warming. In addition, China's Ministry of Emergency Management said last month that this year's El Niño, a recurring weather pattern, may cause more extreme weather in the country this summer.

中国正越来越频繁地遭遇极端天气事件，中国官员将这一现象与全球变暖的影响联系在了一起。此外，中国应急管理部上个月表示，今年的厄尔尼诺现象（一种周期性气候模式）可能导致今年夏季中国出现更多极端天气。

Typhoon Maysak made landfall in the southern island province of Hainan on Friday, prompting officials to stop trains and ferries and close schools. On Saturday it swept into northern Vietnam, which borders Guangxi, then headed north.

台风“美莎克”上周五在南部岛屿省份海南登陆，促使官方暂停了火车和轮渡运行，并宣布学校停课。周六，台风席卷了与广西接壤的越南北部，随后一路北上。

Nanning's deputy mayor said that the breach of two reservoirs in Hengzhou, a prefecture of Nanning, had caused “severe loss of life and property” for residents. Footage of one of those reservoirs, the Liulan reservoir, showed brown floodwaters rushing past a broken wall and directly toward residents' homes.

南宁市副市长表示，南宁所辖的县级市横州市有两座水库决堤，给当地居民造成了“严重的生命和财产损失”。其中一座水库六蓝水库的现场画面显示，浑浊的褐色洪水冲破决口溃坝，直接向居民住宅奔涌而去。

1）作名词，表示“违反”，英文解释为“A breach of an agreement, a law, or a promise is an act of breaking it.”举个🌰：The congressman was accused of a breach of secrecy rules. 这个国会议员被指控违反保密条例。

2）表示“（关系中的）裂痕”，英文解释为“A breach in a relationship is a serious disagreement which often results in the relationship ending.”举个🌰：Their actions threatened a serious breach in relations between the two countries. 他们的行动有威胁两国关系分裂的危险。

3）表示“破坏；辜负”，英文解释为“of sth an action that breaks an agreement to behave in a particular way”如：a  breach of confidence/trust  泄密；背信，a breach of security (= when sth that is normally protected is no longer secure) 破坏安全，data breach 数据泄漏。

prefecture /ˈpriː.fek.tʃər/ 表示“（法、意、日等国的）地方行政区域；省；县；辖区”，英文解释为“an area of local government in some countries, for example France, Italy and Japan”

📍2019年政府工作报告Part 15中提到，“三区三州”用的是“three regions and three prefectures”，原句：加大“三区三州”等深度贫困地区脱贫攻坚力度， We will intensify poverty alleviation in areas of extreme poverty like the "three regions and three prefectures,"

footage /ˈfʊt.ɪdʒ/ 表示“（描述某一事件的）片段镜头”，英文解释为“Footage of a particular event is a film of it or the part of a film which shows this event.”举个🌰：They are planning to show exclusive footage from this summer's festivals. 他们计划独家播放今年夏季节日活动的片断镜头。

补充：

📍closed-circuit footage指的是监控录像画面；📍CCTV：此CCTV非彼CCTV，其中的CC就是Closed Circuit的缩写，TV就是电视Television的缩写。

Other videos showed inundated roads, farmland and buildings, including a school. In Guigang, another city in Guangxi, a wide road and the cars along it were submerged by floodwaters, which flowed in torrents downhill into a construction site.

其他视频显示，道路、农田和建筑（包括一所学校）都被洪水淹没。在广西的另一座城市贵港，一条宽阔的马路和路边的车辆已被淹没，汹涌的洪流顺着山坡倾泻进一个建筑工地。

inundate /ˈɪnʌnˌdeɪt/ 作动词，1）表示“（被）淹没，应接不暇”，英文解释为“to receive so much of something that you cannot easily deal with it all”举个🌰：After the broadcast, we were inundated with requests for more information. 节目播出之后，太多人来询问详情，令我们应接不暇。

2）表示“（洪水）淹没”，英文解释为“to flood an area with water”举个🌰：If the dam breaks it will inundate large parts of the town. 如果水坝决口，这个城镇的大部分地区都将被淹没。

对比：

📍be swamped by/with：表示“使陷入（大量工作）；使面临（大量问题）”（to suddenly give someone a lot of work, problems etc to deal with）举个🌰：We've been swamped with phone calls since the advert appeared. 自从广告出来后，电话多得使我们应接不暇。

submerge /səbˈmɜːdʒ/ 1）表示“（使）潜入水中，（使）没入水中；浸没”，英文解释为“to go below or make something go below the surface of the sea or a river or lake”举个🌰：The submarine submerged when enemy planes were sighted. 潜艇发现敌机后马上下潜。

2）表示“湮没，湮灭；掩盖”，英文解释为“to cover or hide something completely”举个🌰：She has submerged her identity in the role of photographer's wife and muse. 她完全湮没了自我，全心全意地做摄影师的妻子并为他提供艺术灵感。

本义表示“急流；激流；湍流”，引申为表示“（漫骂或问题的）迸发；连发；狂潮”，英文解释为“A torrent of abuse or questions is a lot of abuse or questions directed continuously at someone.”如：a torrent of words 滔滔不绝的话语，举个🌰：He turned around and directed a torrent of abuse at me. 他转过身对我破口大骂了一通。

torrents表示“大量”，英文解释为“large amounts”如：torrents of rain 倾盆大雨 举个🌰：The rain came down/fell in torrents. 大雨倾盆而下。

In Hubei Province, where 11 people died, tornadoes, severe storms and winds of up to 90 miles per hour were recorded, according to the province's Emergency Management Department, which said that one person was still missing.

据湖北省应急管理厅透露，气象部门记录到了龙卷风、强风暴以及高达约145公里/小时的强风。湖北省有11人死亡。该部门还表示，目前仍有一人失踪。

China's National Meteorological Center said on Tuesday that the typhoon had weakened, but more than 10 inches of rain was still expected through Wednesday in parts of Guangxi as well as in the provinces of Jiangsu and Shandong in the east and Liaoning in the north. Weather officials also said there was a possibility of tornadoes in parts of Anhui province as well as in Jiangsu and Shandong.

中国中央气象台周二表示，台风强度已经减弱，但预计到周三，广西部分地区、东部的江苏省、山东省和北部的辽宁省仍将有超过约254毫米的降雨。气象官员还警告，安徽、江苏和山东的部分地区有可能出现龙卷风。

meteorological /ˌmiː.ti.ə.rəˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/ 表示“气象的”，英文解释为“relating to weather conditions”举个🌰：Accurate meteorological records began 100 years ago. 准确的气象记录始于100年前。

A Category 5 super typhoon, named Typhoon Bavi, lashed Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands with powerful winds and heavy rain on Monday and is moving toward southeastern China. It is expected to pass near Taiwan on Friday and make landfall near the border of Zhejiang and Fujian provinces on Saturday, according to China's National Meteorological Center.

与此同时，一个名为“巴威”的五级超强台风于周一袭击了关岛和北马里亚纳群岛，带来强风暴雨，目前正向中国东南部海域移动。据中央气象台预测，“巴威”预计将于周五掠过台湾附近海域，并于周六在浙江和福建两省交界处附近登陆。

lash /læʃ/ 表示“猛击；狠打”，英文解释为“to hit with a lot of force”举个🌰：The sound of the rain lashing against the windows was deafening. 雨点敲打窗户发出的声响震耳欲聋。

lash out 表示“（突然）狠打，痛打；抨击，斥责”，英文解释为“to suddenly attack someone or something physically or criticize him, her, or it in an angry way”举个🌰：I was only teasing him and suddenly he lashed out (at me) and hit me in the face. 我只是在和他闹着玩，他却突然动起手来，一拳打在我的脸上。

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