诺贝尔化学奖得主亚吉入职清华大学

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🤔️小作业：

1. According to the article, what does Ram Seshadri imply about China's progress in materials science?

A. China has surpassed the U.S. in all areas of chemistry.

B. China's investment in talent is a key factor in its scientific advancement.

C. The U.S. is still leading in top chemistry papers.

D. China's success is limited to materials science only.

无注释原文：

Nobel-Winning U.S. Chemist Will Move to China to Lead A.I. Institute

From: The New York Times

Omar Yaghi, an immigrant to the United States who shared last year's Nobel Prize in Chemistry, has left his faculty post at the University of California, Berkeley, for one in China, where he will lead an institute using artificial intelligence to accelerate the discovery of new materials.

Last week, Tsinghua University in Beijing welcomed Dr. Yaghi in an appointment ceremony, calling him one of the world's foremost chemists. The university said he saw his new post as an opportunity “not to slow down, not to repeat what has already been done, but to do science with more energy, more intensity, and more ambition than ever before.”

“China is increasing its investment in science overall, including chemistry,” said Alessandra Zimmermann, a budget analyst at the American Association for the Advancement of Science, a scientific group based in Washington, D.C. The best measures of scientific accomplishment, she added, show that China “has been outperforming the U.S. in top chemistry papers.”

Last year, three of America's six winners of science Nobels were born outside the country. In this century, overall, the émigré fraction for U.S. Nobels in physics, chemistry and medicine now stands at 40 percent.

In an interview, Ram Seshadri, a professor of chemistry and materials science at the University of California, Santa Barbara, said Dr. Yaghi's move to China shed light on a fast-emerging dynamic between the two nations. “They've overtaken us in many areas of materials science and chemistry,” he said, referring to China. “They're willing to invest very large sums of money to attract new talent.”

A subfield of chemistry, materials science is the underlying force behind many of the innovations that define modern life, from the silicon chips in smartphones to the carbon fibers in racing bikes to the biomaterials of medical implants. By nature, it's an interdisciplinary field that investigates the relationship between the structure of materials at an atomic or molecular scale and their macroscopic properties.

Dr. Yaghi was born in Amman, Jordan, to Palestinian refugees whose one-room home lacked electricity and running water. Early on, he became fascinated with a schoolbook's depiction of atomic building blocks. When he was 15, his father, a butcher, sent him to the United States.

Last year, before flying to Stockholm to receive his Nobel Prize, Dr. Yaghi in an interview with The New York Times voiced concern about Mr. Trump's immigration policies, saying that they endanger the nation's system of universities, companies and governments that promote scientific excellence.

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注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为纽约时报官方译文，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Nobel-Winning U.S. Chemist Will Move to China to Lead A.I. Institute

From: The New York Times

Omar Yaghi, an immigrant to the United States who shared last year's Nobel Prize in Chemistry, has left his faculty post at the University of California, Berkeley, for one in China, where he will lead an institute using artificial intelligence to accelerate the discovery of new materials.

去年诺贝尔化学奖共同获奖者、美国移民奥马尔·亚吉已辞去加州大学伯克利分校的教职，前往中国任职。在那里，他将领导一个利用人工智能加速新材料发现的研究所。

1）作名词，表示“职位，职务”，英文解释为“a job in a company or organization”举个🌰：Teaching posts are advertised in Tuesday's edition of the paper. 星期二的报纸上有招聘教师的广告。

📍二〇二一年新年贺词中提到“顽强不屈的坚守”时，原句：holding posts with tenacity. 其中posts指的是岗位，（坚守）岗位。

📍二〇二三年新年贺词：每个人都不容易中提到：Officials and the general public, particularly medical professionals and community workers, have bravely stuck to their posts through it all. 广大干部群众特别是医务人员、基层工作者不畏艰辛、勇毅坚守。

2）此外，经常在网上冲浪的就比较熟悉，post除了作名词，表示“网站上公布的信息；帖子”，英文解释为“something such as a message or picture that you publish on a website or using social media”，也可以作动词，表示“（在网站上）公布，发布（信息）；发（帖）”，英文解释为“to publish something such as a message or picture on a website or using social media”举个🌰：Lots of friends have commented on my post. 很多小伙伴给我的帖子评论了。

3）作动词，表示“发布，公布，宣布（尤指财经信息或警告）；公布（公司）财务结果”，英文解释为“to announce sth publicly or officially, especially financial information or a warning；to announce a company's financial results”举个🌰：The oil company posted profits of $25.1 billion. 石油公司公布利润为251亿美元。

Last week, Tsinghua University in Beijing welcomed Dr. Yaghi in an appointment ceremony, calling him one of the world's foremost chemists. The university said he saw his new post as an opportunity “not to slow down, not to repeat what has already been done, but to do science with more energy, more intensity, and more ambition than ever before.”

上周，位于北京的清华大学举行聘任仪式欢迎亚吉，称他是世界上最杰出的化学家之一。该大学表示，亚吉将自己的新职位视为一个机会，“不是放慢脚步，不是重复已经做过的事情，而是要以比以往任何时候都更多的精力、更高的强度和更大的雄心来做科学研究。”

foremost /ˈfɔː.məʊst/ 表示“最重要的；最佳的；领先的”，英文解释为“most important or best; leading”举个🌰：This is one of the country's foremost arts centres. 这是全国最重要的艺术中心之一。

intensity /ɪnˈten.sə.ti/ 1）表示“强烈；剧烈”，英文解释为“the quality of being felt strongly or having a very strong effect”举个🌰：The explosion was of such intensity that it was heard five miles away. 爆炸的巨响5英里以外都能听见。

2）表示“（感情或看法的）强烈；认真；全情投入”，英文解释为“the quality of being very serious and having strong emotions or opinions”举个🌰：The intensity of their relationship was causing problems. 他们关系中所牵涉的感情强烈得引发了问题。

3）表示“（光、声等的）强度”，英文解释为“the strength of something that can be measured such as light, sound, etc.”如：measures of light intensity 光强度的测量。

“China is increasing its investment in science overall, including chemistry,” said Alessandra Zimmermann, a budget analyst at the American Association for the Advancement of Science, a scientific group based in Washington, D.C. The best measures of scientific accomplishment, she added, show that China “has been outperforming the U.S. in top chemistry papers.”

“中国正在增加对包括化学在内的整体科学投资，”总部位于华盛顿特区的科学组织美国科学促进会的预算分析师亚历山德拉·齐默尔曼说。她还说，衡量科学成就的最佳指标显示，中国“在顶级化学论文方面表现一直优于美国”。

outperform /ˌaʊt.pəˈfɔːm/ 表示“超过，胜过；比…做得好”，英文解释为“to do well in a particular job or activity compared to others of a similar type”举个🌰：The company has consistently outperformed its rivals this season. 这一季，这家公司的表现一直优于竞争对手。

Last year, three of America's six winners of science Nobels were born outside the country. In this century, overall, the émigré fraction for U.S. Nobels in physics, chemistry and medicine now stands at 40 percent.

去年，美国六位科学类诺贝尔奖获得者中有三位出生在美国境外。总体而言，在本世纪，美国物理学、化学和医学诺贝尔奖得主中，移民的比例目前达到了40%。

émigré /ˈem.ɪ.ɡreɪ/ 表示“流亡者”，英文解释为“someone who has had to leave their country permanently, usually for political reasons”，这个词带有很强的政治色彩，与普通为了找工作或生活而移居的“移民”不同，它描述的往往是因动荡、战争或迫害而被迫离开祖国的人。

fraction /ˈfræk.ʃən/ 表示“少量”，英文解释为“A fraction of something is a tiny amount or proportion of it.”举个🌰：She hesitated for a fraction of a second before responding. 她犹豫了一下才回应。

At a fraction of sth意味着以某物的极低价格或者比其他事物小得多的尺寸、数量等。换句话说，就是以远低于原价的价格，或者比其他事物占用更少的资源或空间。（for a much lower price than something else, or in a much smaller size, amount, etc. than something else）

In an interview, Ram Seshadri, a professor of chemistry and materials science at the University of California, Santa Barbara, said Dr. Yaghi's move to China shed light on a fast-emerging dynamic between the two nations. “They've overtaken us in many areas of materials science and chemistry,” he said, referring to China. “They're willing to invest very large sums of money to attract new talent.”

加州大学圣巴巴拉分校的化学和材料科学教授拉姆·塞沙德里在接受采访时表示，亚吉迁往中国凸显了两国之间迅速显现的动态变化。“在材料科学和化学的许多领域，他们已经超过了我们，”他在提到中国时说。“他们愿意投入巨额资金来吸引新人才。”

cast/shed/throw light on sth 表示“使（问题等）较容易理解；为…提供解释；使…较容易理解；阐明；使…清楚地显出”，英文解释为“to make a problem, etc. easier to understand”举个🌰：As an economist, he was able to shed some light on the problem. 作为经济学家，他能解释这个问题。

A subfield of chemistry, materials science is the underlying force behind many of the innovations that define modern life, from the silicon chips in smartphones to the carbon fibers in racing bikes to the biomaterials of medical implants. By nature, it's an interdisciplinary field that investigates the relationship between the structure of materials at an atomic or molecular scale and their macroscopic properties.

作为化学的一个分支，材料科学是许多定义现代生活的创新背后的驱动力，从智能手机中的硅芯片、竞速自行车中的碳纤维，到医疗植入物中的生物材料均是如此。本质上，这是一门跨学科领域，研究材料在原子或分子尺度上的结构与其宏观属性之间的关系。

implant /ˈɪm.plɑːnt/ 可以作名词，也可以作动词，表示“（手术中）植入，移植；（植入人体中的）移植物，植入物”，英文解释为“an organ, group of cells, or device that has been put into the body in a medical operation”

interdisciplinary /ˌɪn.təˈdɪs.ɪ.plɪ.nər.i/ 表示“学科间的，跨学科的”，英文解释为“involving two or more different subjects or areas of knowledge”如：interdisciplinary courses 跨学科课程。

Dr. Yaghi was born in Amman, Jordan, to Palestinian refugees whose one-room home lacked electricity and running water. Early on, he became fascinated with a schoolbook's depiction of atomic building blocks. When he was 15, his father, a butcher, sent him to the United States.

亚吉出生于约旦安曼的一个巴勒斯坦难民家庭，他们家中只有一个房间，没有电也没有自来水。早年，他便对教科书上描绘的原子构件产生了浓厚兴趣。15岁时，做屠夫为生的父亲将他送到了美国。

depiction /dɪˈpɪk.ʃən/ 表示“描绘，描述，描写”，英文解释为“the way that something is represented or shown”举个🌰：The painter's depictions of the horror of war won her a worldwide reputation. 这位画家对战争恐怖的描绘使她蜚声国际。

butcher /ˈbʊtʃ.ər/ 作动词，表示“屠宰，宰杀”，英文解释为“to cut an animal into pieces of meat”

作名词，butcher /ˈbʊtʃ.ər/ 表示“肉商，肉贩”，英文解释为“a person who sells meat in a shop”

Last year, before flying to Stockholm to receive his Nobel Prize, Dr. Yaghi in an interview with The New York Times voiced concern about Mr. Trump's immigration policies, saying that they endanger the nation's system of universities, companies and governments that promote scientific excellence.

去年，在飞往斯德哥尔摩领取诺贝尔奖之前，亚吉在接受《纽约时报》采访时对特朗普的移民政策表达了担忧，称这些政策危及了美国大学、企业和政府共同构成的、致力于推动科学卓越发展的体系。

endanger /ɪnˈdeɪn.dʒər/ 表示“使处于险境；危及；危害”，英文解释为“to put someone or something at risk or in danger of being harmed, damaged, or destroyed”举个🌰：He would never do anything to endanger the lives of his children. 他不会做任何危及自己孩子生命安全的事。

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