日本鼓励男性穿短裤上班

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🤔️小作业：

1. What is the primary purpose of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government's "Tokyo Cool Biz" initiative as described in the passage?

A. To enforce a strict dress code for all employees in the city.

B. To reduce energy consumption by allowing more casual work attire.

C. To address gender inequality in workplace dress expectations.

D. To promote laser hair removal among male office workers.

无注释原文：

Tokyo urges men to wear shorts to work, but some women say it's 'leg hair harassment'

From: BBC

As temperatures rise this summer, Japanese men are baring more leg at work than ever before.

The Tokyo Metropolitan Government is pushing company employees to ditch their usual suit and tie for more casual attire, featuring t-shirts, trainers - and shorts.

Tokyo Governor Yuriko Koike introduced "Tokyo Cool Biz" in April, hoping to expand on her signature cool down initiative which has now become a widely recognised annual summer tradition.

Almost four months in, the newly allowed shorts in the office policy is getting mixed reviews.

Some commentators enjoy the relaxed rules, helping them work more comfortably. Others say the policy is unfair to women. Although not an official rule and more about etiquette, women are often still expected to wear tights when their work attire exposes their legs in a traditional Japanese office environment.

And a few women describe the experience of "leg hair harassment" or a term coined online as "sunehara", referring to the discomfort of being forced to see their colleague's leg hair.

"We want to give people more options in the severe heat, not tell them what to wear. There should be no issue as long as the work attire is not offensive to anyone," Tokyo Metropolitan Government environmental official Noboru Watanabe told the BBC.

A June survey by Gorilla Clinic found 53.5% opposed wearing shorts to work in the summer while 46.5% were in favour of the new recommendation.

For those against shorts in the office the main reason, for both genders, was the concern over body shape and body hair. The clinic says women significantly outnumbered men in their response, indicating that women may be more resistant to seeing a male colleague's bare legs.

In recent years more Japanese workers, notably those working at startups and tech companies, have started wearing casual clothes. But this year, the Tokyo government recommendation has made it more socially acceptable. Still, some men have been feeling self-conscious about their leg hair.

Akifumi Funatsu, the director of Gorilla Clinic, says he has noticed more clients coming to the clinic not just for cosmetic reasons, but as a matter of "social etiquette when wearing shorts". He thinks women believe that "men should have less leg hair", which has prompted them to seek laser hair removal so as not to offend those around them.

Koike first introduced the summer wardrobe shift as Japan's environment minister in 2005. She launched a national energy-saving campaign called "Cool Biz" to encourage company workers to opt for short-sleeve shirts.

Government leaders participated in the initiative, with then Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi often seen in public without wearing a tie or jacket, helping get the word out.

A few years later following the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami in March 2011, the government launched "Super Cool Biz" which expanded the guidelines to help reduce energy use both at work and at home.

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为BBC官方译文及部分AI翻译，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Tokyo urges men to wear shorts to work, but some women say it's 'leg hair harassment'

From: BBC

As temperatures rise this summer, Japanese men are baring more leg at work than ever before. The Tokyo Metropolitan Government is pushing company employees to ditch their usual suit and tie for more casual attire, featuring t-shirts, trainers - and shorts. Tokyo Governor Yuriko Koike introduced "Tokyo Cool Biz" in April, hoping to expand on her signature cool down initiative which has now become a widely recognised annual summer tradition.

今年夏天持续高温，日本男性在职场露出双腿的程度前所未有。东京都政府正推动企业员工摒弃传统的西装领带，转而穿着更加休闲的服装，包括T恤、运动鞋——以及短裤。东京都知事小池百合子于今年4月推出“东京清凉商务”倡议，希望进一步推广她标志性的降温行动，而如今这项活动已成为每年夏天日本广为人知的固定节目。

bare /beər/ 表示“使赤裸；使暴露；除去…的覆盖物”，英文解释为“to take away the thing that is covering something so that it can be seen”举个🌰：He became nervous when the dog growled and bared its teeth at him (= showed its teeth to him). 当狗咆哮着向他龇牙咧嘴时，他紧张了起来。

ditch /dɪtʃ/ 1）作名词，表示“道沟；沟渠”，英文解释为“A ditch is a long narrow channel cut into the ground at the side of a road or field.”

2）作动词，表示“抛弃，遗弃，丢弃”，英文解释为“to get rid of something or someone that is no longer wanted”举个🌰：She ditched her boyfriend. 她把男朋友给甩了。

📍在FOX主播翠西被解约文中就提到过，《每日野兽》新闻周刊（Daily Beast）在标题中用的就是Ditch，指甩了某人。

attire /əˈtaɪə/ 表示“服装；衣服”，相当于clothes，如：dressed in formal evening attire 穿着晚礼服。

对比：

📍在LV老板超越比尔·盖茨成全球第二大富豪 两人“仅”差1个亿一文中也接触了另一个表示“服装”的词语apparel，In 1984, he acquired the parent company of Christian Dior's apparel branch.

📍apparel表示“服装；尤指礼服”，英文解释为“Apparel means clothes, especially formal clothes worn on an important occasion.”举个🌰：Women's apparel is offered in petite, regular, and tall sizes. 女士礼服分为小号、中号和大号。

📍garment：表示“（一件）衣服，尤用于衣服生产和销售的领域”（A garment is a piece of clothing; used especially in contexts where you are talking about the manufacture or sale of clothes.）如：woollen garments 毛衣，winter/outer garments 冬装/外衣，举个🌰：Many of the garments have the customers' name tags sewn into the linings. 这些衣服中很多都把顾客的姓名牌缝进衬里中。

📍outfit表示“全套服装，装束（尤指为某场合或目的）”（a set of clothes that you wear together, especially for a particular occasion or purpose）如：a wedding outfit 一套结婚礼服。

trainer /ˈtreɪ.nər/ 表示“运动鞋”，英文解释为“a type of light, comfortable shoe that can be worn for sport”

biz /bɪz/ 表示“商业；生意”，英文解释为“a particular type of business”如：the entertainment/movie/music biz 娱乐/电影/音乐产业，举个🌰：She is one of the top amateur riders in the biz. 她是这一行当最顶尖的骑手。

signature /ˈsɪɡ.nə.tʃər/ 作名词，常见意思是“签名，署名”，也有“明显特征；鲜明特色；识别标志”的含义，英文解释为“a particular quality that makes sth different from other similar things and makes it easy to recognize”作形容词，解释为“标志性的，惯有的”如：signature product 招牌产品，举个🌰：Bright colours are his signature. 他总爱用亮丽的色彩。

📍金色头发变得花白文中提到：During the update on coronavirus vaccine development in the White House Rose Garden, many viewers were quick to notice one significant change in the president's signature appearance: his hair. 在白宫玫瑰园汇报冠状病毒疫苗研发进展情况时，许多观众很快就注意到总统标志性的外观有一个显著的变化：他的头发。

Almost four months in, the newly allowed shorts in the office policy is getting mixed reviews.

办公室“允许穿短裤”的新规实施已近四个月，各方反响褒贬不一。

Some commentators enjoy the relaxed rules, helping them work more comfortably. Others say the policy is unfair to women. Although not an official rule and more about etiquette, women are often still expected to wear tights when their work attire exposes their legs in a traditional Japanese office environment.

有评论人士乐见这一宽松规定，认为有助于提升工作舒适度；也有人指出，该政策对女性不公平。尽管这并非明文规定，更多关乎职场礼仪，但在日本传统办公环境中，女性如果穿着露腿的工装，往往默认要穿连裤袜。

etiquette /ˈɛtɪˌkɛt/ 表示“礼仪，礼节”，英文解释为“the formal rules for polite behaviour in society or in a particular group”，如：table etiquette 餐桌礼仪。

🎬电影《逃离地球》（Escape from Planet Earth）中的台词提到：You should abide by the following basic etiquette. 你必须遵守以下基本礼节。

tights /taɪts/ 表示“紧身裤，连裤袜”，英文解释为“a piece of clothing made of very thin material that tightly covers the feet, legs, and lower part of the body, often worn under skirts and dresses”举个🌰：She bought a new pair of tights. 她买了一双新的连裤袜。

And a few women describe the experience of "leg hair harassment" or a term coined online as "sunehara", referring to the discomfort of being forced to see their colleague's leg hair.

另有部分女性则形容这是一种“腿毛骚扰”，网上甚至出现新词“スネハラ”（sunehara），用来形容被迫看见男同事腿毛所带来的不适感。

harassment /ˈhəræsmənt, ˈhærəs-/ 表示“骚扰；烦恼”，英文解释为“Harassment is behaviour which is intended to trouble or annoy someone, for example repeated attacks on them or attempts to cause them problems.”举个🌰：Another survey found that 51 percent of women had experienced some form of sexual harassment in their working lives. 另一份调查显示有51%的女性在其职业生涯中曾遭遇过某种形式的性骚扰。

在凡尔赛文学是什么梗？文中，提到了网友构造了凡尔赛文学这个说法 Chinese netizens coined the term “Versailles literature”，其中coin作动词，熟词僻义，表示“创造（新词语）”，英文解释为“to invent a new word or phrase that other people then begin to use”举个🌰：He coined the term "LearnAndRecord". 他创造了LearnAndRecord这一说法。

📍coinage作名词，表示“新造的词（语）；新词语的创造”，英文解释为“(the inventing of) a new word or phrase in a language”

"We want to give people more options in the severe heat, not tell them what to wear. There should be no issue as long as the work attire is not offensive to anyone," Tokyo Metropolitan Government environmental official Noboru Watanabe told the BBC.

东京都环境局气候变迁对策部区域能源课长渡边升向BBC表示：“我们希望在酷热天气下，为大家提供更多穿衣选择，而不是规定他们应该穿什么。只要工作服饰不会令人感到冒犯，就不应该有问题。”

metropolitan /ˌmet.rəˈpɒl.ɪ.tən/ 表示“大都市的”，英文解释为“relating to a large city”如：the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York 纽约大都会艺术博物馆，a metropolitan area 大都市区。

A June survey by Gorilla Clinic found 53.5% opposed wearing shorts to work in the summer while 46.5% were in favour of the new recommendation.

根据日本连锁医美企业“大猩猩诊所”（Gorilla Clinic）今年6月进行的调查，53.5%受访者反对夏天穿短裤上班，46.5%支持这项新建议。

For those against shorts in the office the main reason, for both genders, was the concern over body shape and body hair. The clinic says women significantly outnumbered men in their response, indicating that women may be more resistant to seeing a male colleague's bare legs.

反对者当中，不论男女，最主要原因都是担心身材及体毛问题。该诊所表示，反对政策的女性受访者明显多于男性，显示女性可能较难接受看到男同事裸露双腿。

In recent years more Japanese workers, notably those working at startups and tech companies, have started wearing casual clothes. But this year, the Tokyo government recommendation has made it more socially acceptable. Still, some men have been feeling self-conscious about their leg hair.

近年日本越来越多上班族，尤其是初创企业及科技公司员工，已开始穿着较休闲的服装上班。今年东京都政府的建议，则令这种穿着变得更容易被社会接受。不过，一些男性也因此更在意自己的腿毛。

self-conscious /ˌselfˈkɒn.ʃəs/ 表示“局促不安的；不自在的”，英文解释为“nervous or uncomfortable because you are worried about what people think about you or your actions”举个🌰：He looked uncomfortable, like a self-conscious adolescent. 他看上去不大自在，好似一个局促不安的少年。

Akifumi Funatsu, the director of Gorilla Clinic, says he has noticed more clients coming to the clinic not just for cosmetic reasons, but as a matter of "social etiquette when wearing shorts". He thinks women believe that "men should have less leg hair", which has prompted them to seek laser hair removal so as not to offend those around them.

“大猩猩诊所”董事船津明史表示，越来越多男性前来求诊，不单是为了美观，更是出于“穿短裤时的社交礼仪”。他认为，不少女性觉得“男性腿毛应该少一点”，因此部分男士选择接受激光脱毛，希望避免因腿毛而令身边的人感到不适。

1）cosmetic /kɒzˈmɛtɪk/作名词，通常复数cosmetics，表示“化妆品；美容品”（a substance that you put on your face or body to make it more attractive），如：the cosmetics industry 化妆品行业，a cosmetic company 化妆品公司，cosmetic products 化妆产品。

本身也可以作形容词：

2）表示“装饰门面的，虚饰的，表面的”，英文解释为“Cosmetic changes, etc. are intended to make you believe that something is better when, really, the problem has not been solved.”举个🌰：They were offered a few cosmetic improvements to their working conditions, but nothing of significance. 表面上他们的工作环境有所改善，但并没有实质上的改变。

3）表示“整容的”，英文解释为“connected with medical treatment that is intended to improve a person's appearance”如：cosmetic surgery 整容外科。

Koike first introduced the summer wardrobe shift as Japan's environment minister in 2005. She launched a national energy-saving campaign called "Cool Biz" to encourage company workers to opt for short-sleeve shirts.

东京都知事小池百合子早于2005年出任日本环境大臣时，首次推动夏季办公室服装改革。她发起全国节能运动“Cool Biz”，鼓励上班族改穿短袖衬衫，以减少冷气使用。

wardrobe /ˈwɔː.drəʊb/ 1）表示“衣橱，衣柜”，英文解释为“a tall cupboard in which you hang your clothes”举个🌰：He hung his suit in the wardrobe. 他把西装挂进衣柜里。 举个🌰：She was showing me her new built-in/fitted wardrobes. 她正在带我看她新做的嵌入式衣柜。

2）表示“（某人的）全部衣服”，英文解释为“all of the clothes that a person owns”举个🌰：I need a new summer wardrobe (= new clothes for summer). 我需要一批夏天的新衣服。

Government leaders participated in the initiative, with then Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi often seen in public without wearing a tie or jacket, helping get the word out.

时任首相小泉纯一郎曾亲身响应，公开场合经常不打领带、不穿西装外套，协助推广这项政策。

get the word out的意思是“把消息传播出去”、“广而告之”或“让大家知道”,强调主动传播信息，目的是让目标受众从“不知道”变成“知道”。

A few years later following the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami in March 2011, the government launched "Super Cool Biz" which expanded the guidelines to help reduce energy use both at work and at home.

2011年3月东日本大地震及海啸发生后，日本政府进一步推出“Super Cool Biz”，放宽夏季衣着指引，希望在办公室及家庭层面进一步节约能源。

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