【地球演义】第二百七十八回 锦鳞记7:溟海飞出峥头角
题句出自 明 范嵩《题一鲭百鳜图为李同寅作》
贵州兴义生物群还发现的中三叠世拉丁期胸鳍鱼类:乌沙胸鳍鱼
Thoracopterus wushaensis
正模(上)和副模(下)。它是胸鳍鱼科胸鳍鱼属的第五个,也是最新的成员。乌沙胸鳍鱼的鳞片趋于退化,只在靠近尾部保留了少量鳞片。这种鳞片消失,但又没有完全消失的状态,正好卡在欧洲发现的两种胸鳍鱼中间。图片来源自[3]。
在兴义生物群还发现了胸鳍鱼科的一个新属:飞翼鱼属
Potanichthys
。本属只有一个物种:兴义飞翼鱼
Potanichthys xingyiensis
。上图是它的化石标本:(a)正模;(b)副模。注意它也是鳞片趋于退化,只在靠近尾部保留了少量鳞片(图中sc标示)。图片来源自[4]。
在雄性精美乌沙鱼(b、e图)和雄性
Peripeltopleurus vexillipinnis
(j图)的臀鳍上发现了特殊的倒钩(箭头标示),雌性则无此结构(d图)。推测它们采用体内受精的繁殖方式,这些倒钩是固定体位传递精华用的。这个结构也在肋鳞鱼目的其他鱼类身上发现过。图片来源自[7]。
我们在餐桌和水产市场上见到的绝大多数鱼类都具有正形尾,也就是上下两半对称的尾型。图片来源自网络。
相比于歪形尾和原形尾,正形尾最适合告诉推进和精确控制,是鱼类(主要是新鳍鱼类)经过漫长探索和试错找到的最佳结构。
【第二百七十九回 锦鳞记9:谁云涸辙困波臣】里介绍过三叠纪腔棘鱼
Rebellatrix divaricerca
,就是拼命把“大尾鳍中间插小尾鳍”的原形尾改造成近似正形尾的叉形。图片来源自[10],A,E标尺长度5厘米;B-D标尺长度1厘米。
新鳍鱼类在三叠纪已经繁衍出极为庞大,多样性极高的谱系。图片来源自[21]。
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