真鲨科Carcharhinidae为鲨总目属下第二大科,物种数仅次于单鳍猫鲨科/Pentanchidae;同时,真鲨目亦是鲨总目中最为著名的一科,这一科的成员从外观上非常符合人们对“典型”鲨鱼的刻板印象,且其中不乏一些非常著名的物种。但由于真鲨科中许多物种在形态上高度相似,这也给我们鉴别真鲨科物种带来了困难。在本文中,我将带大家梳理真鲨科各物种的分类检索,希望能够为在鉴定真鲨方面存在问题的朋友们提供帮助。真鲨科Carcharhinidae物种的共有特征:
1.眼圆形,具瞬膜;眼后无喷水孔。
2.上唇沟短,隐藏于口角。
3.颌齿多为单峰齿(极少数物种为三峰齿),上颌齿多宽扁,下颌齿窄长。
4.前鼻瓣小三角形突出或呈管状。
5.第一背鳍较大,基底在腹鳍之前;第二背鳍多远小于第一背鳍(少数物种第二背鳍与第一背鳍近等大)。
6.尾鳍为上歪尾,尾鳍上叶远长于尾鳍下叶;尾鳍基上下方具凹刻。
7.生殖方式为胎生,胚胎通过卵黄囊胎盘与母体相连。
4(5)第一背鳍极低斜,与背缘呈30-40°角;胸鳍宽大,呈三角形;体色呈灰色
5(4)第一背鳍前缘升高,与背缘呈40-50°角;胸鳍较狭长,呈镰形;体色呈黄色
7(8)胸鳍前缘长度大于胸鳍到腹鳍间距;吻部极狭长而尖锐8(7)胸鳍前缘长度小于胸鳍到腹鳍间距;吻部钝圆或钝尖
9(10)吻甚长,吻长大于或约等于吻宽的2倍;两鼻孔相距甚近
12(13)眼后缘正中具1凹刻;胸鳍与腹鳍基底间距为第一背鳍基底长的2-3倍
13(12)眼后缘正中不具凹刻;胸鳍与腹鳍基底间距小于第一背鳍基底长的2倍14(15)头极平扁;胸鳍宽度与前缘长几乎相等;第一背鳍后端位于腹鳍基底上方
15(14)头圆锥形或略平扁;胸鳍宽度短于前缘长;第一背鳍后端位于腹鳍起点上方17(18)鳃耙具乳突;尾柄具弱侧褶;第一背鳍距腹鳍较距胸鳍为近18(17)鳃耙不具乳突;尾柄无弱侧褶;第一背鳍距胸鳍较距腹鳍为近19(20)口闭时齿暴露;第二背鳍高为第一背鳍高的1/2-3/5;尾鳍基部凹刻呈纵凹形20(19)口闭时不露齿;第二背鳍高小于第一背鳍高的3/5;尾鳍基部凹刻呈横凹形灰三齿鲨Triaenodon obesus (Rüppell, 1837)=Triaenodon apicalis Whitley, 1939最大体长213cm;分布于印度洋至太平洋的热带及亚热带近海
灰体宽鳍鲨Lamiopsis tephrodes (Fowler, 1905)=Carcharhinus microphthalmus Chu,1960(小眼真鲨)2(1)上颌齿窄,略呈锥形;下颌齿边缘平滑
特氏宽鳍鲨Lamiopsis temminckii (Müller & Henle, 1839)
最大体长178cm;分布于南亚沿海

柠檬鲨属Negaprion(已知物种2种)
1(2)背鳍呈镰形,后缘显著弯曲
犁鳍柠檬鲨Negaprion acutidens (Rüppell, 1837)
=Carcharias forskalii Klunzinger, 1871
=Carcharias munzingeri Kossmann & Räuber, 1877 =Hemigaleops fosteri Schultz & Welander, 1953=Mystidens innominatus Whitley, 1944=Negaprion odontaspis (Fowler, 1908)=Negaprion queenslandicus (Whitley, 1939) =Odontaspis madagascariensis Fourmanoir, 1961最大体长310cm;分布于印度洋至西太平洋的热带及亚热带近海短吻柠檬鲨Negaprion brevirostris (Poey, 1868)Negaprion fronto (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)最大体长368cm,分布于大西洋及东太平洋的热带至亚热带近海
剑鼻鲨属Isogomphodon(已知物种1种)
剑鼻鲨Isogomphodon oxyrhynchus (Müller & Henle, 1839)
最大体长达160cm;分布于南美洲东北部近海

窄吻鲨Nasolamia velox (Gilbert, 1898)最大体长165cm;分布于东太平洋的亚热带及热带近海隙眼鲨Loxodon macrorhinus Müller & Henle, 1839=Scoliodon affinis Ogilby, 1912 · unaccepted=Scoliodon ceylonensis Setna & Sarangdhar, 1946 · unaccepted=Scoliodon dumerili (Bleeker, 1856) · unaccepted=Scoliodon jordani Ogilby, 1908 · unaccepted1(2)臀鳍起点至第二背鳍起点的距离为全长的6.0-9.1%大吻斜齿鲨Scoliodon macrorhynchos (Bleeker, 1852)2(1)臀鳍至第二背鳍起点的距离为全长的4.6-6.2%
宽尾斜齿鲨Scoliodon laticaudus Müller & Henle, 1838=Physodon muelleri (Müller & Henle, 1839) =Scoliodon palasorra (Bleeker, 1853)=Scoliodon sorrakowa(Bleeker,1853)(尖头斜齿鲨) 斜锯牙鲨属Rhizoprionodon(已知物种7种)1(4)上唇褶不发达,仅见于口隅;下唇沟长于上唇沟2(3)口裂后方头侧具侧线孔7-16个(通常在14个以下)短沟斜锯牙鲨Rhizoprionodon oligolinx Springer, 1964泰氏斜锯牙鲨Rhizoprionodon taylori (Ogilby, 1915)
最大体长88cm,分布于澳大利亚北部近海海域
4(1)上唇褶发达,向前延伸;上唇沟与下唇沟长度相等或更长5(6)上颌齿27-31枚;下颌齿26-28枚;吻较长,约为全长的6%
太平洋斜锯牙鲨Rhizoprionodon longurio (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)6(5)上颌齿23-27枚;下颌齿22-26枚;吻较短,约为全长的3.2-5.1%7(8)胸鳍后角位于第一背鳍起点之前;髋前椎79-90枚(多数在84枚以上),较尾椎数更多
兰氏斜锯牙鲨Rhizoprionodon lalandii (Müller & Henle, 1839)=Rhizoprionodon lalandei (Valenciennes, 1839)(拼写错误)=Rhizoprionodon lalandi (Valenciennes, 1839) (拼写错误)=Scoliodon intermedius Garman,19138(7)胸鳍后角位于背鳍起点正下方或稍靠后;髋前椎55-79枚,较尾椎数更少
尖吻斜锯牙鲨Rhizoprionodon acutus (Rüppell, 1837)=Carcharias aaronis Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1899 =Carcharias crenidens Klunzinger, 1880=Carcharias eumeces Pietschmann, 1913=Scoliodon longmani Ogilby, 1912=Scoliodon palasorrah (Bleeker, 1853)=Scoliodon vagatus Garman, 1913=Scoliodon walbeehmi (Bleeker,1856)(瓦氏斜齿鲨)最大体长178cm;分布于印度洋、西太平洋及东大西洋近海海域大西洋斜锯牙鲨Rhizoprionodon terraenovae (Richardson, 1836)=Rhizoprionodon terraenova (Richardson, 1836)(拼写错误)加勒比斜锯牙鲨Rhizoprionodon porosus (Poey, 1861)(本种可能为大西洋斜锯牙鲨R.terraenovae的同物异名,这有待进一步研究加以证实)大青鲨Prionace glauca (Linnaeus, 1758)=Carcharias aethiops Philippi, 1902=Carcharias gracilis Philippi, 1887=Carcharias hirundinaceus Valenciennes, 1839=Carcharias pugae Pérez Canto, 1886 =Galeus thalassinus Valenciennes, 1835=Hypoprion isodus Philippi, 1887 =Prionace mackiei Phillipps, 1935 =Squalus adscensionis Osbeck, 1765=Squalus caeruleus Blainville, 1816=Squalus rondeletii Risso, 1810=Thalassinus rondeletii Moreau, 1881=Thalassorhinus vulpecula Valenciennes, 1839最大体长384cm;分布于全球温带至热带的开阔海域1(2)上下颌齿均少于30枚;椎骨总数213-222枚露齿鲨Glyphis glyphis (Müller & Henle, 1839)最大体长260cm;分布于新几内亚岛及澳大利亚北部的淡水河川及近海海域2(1)上下颌齿数目均等于或大于30枚;椎骨总数137-169枚3(4)第二背鳍高度约为第一背鳍的3/5;尾椎65-68枚
加氏露齿鲨Glyphis garricki Compagno, White & Last, 2008最大体长251cm;分布于新几内亚岛及澳大利亚北部的淡水河川与近海海域4(3)第二背鳍高度约为第一背鳍的1/2;尾椎89枚恒河露齿鲨Glyphis gangeticus (Müller & Henle, 1839)=Carcharias murrayi Günther, 1883=Glyphis fowlerae Compagno, White & Cavanagh, 2010=Glyphis siamensis (Steindachner, 1896)最大体长275cm;分布于南亚及东南亚的淡水河川及北印度洋与南海的沿海海域1(2)第一背鳍上角及胸鳍外角均宽圆;臀鳍后端几达尾鳍起点;成鱼第一背鳍、胸鳍及尾鳍末端呈斑驳的白色长鳍真鲨Carcharhinus longimanus (Poey, 1861)=Carcharhinus lamia (Rafinesque, 1810)=Carcharhinus maou (Lesson, 1831)
=Carcharias insularum Snyder, 1904=Carcharias obtusus Garman, 1881=Pterolamiops budkeri Fourmanoir, 1961=Pterolamiops magnipinnis Smith,1958最大体长395cm;分布于全球热带及亚热带的开阔海域2(1)第一背鳍上角及胸鳍外角钝尖或钝圆;臀鳍后端远未达尾鳍起点;成鱼第一背鳍、胸鳍及尾鳍末端不呈斑驳的白色
3(4)第一背鳍、胸鳍、腹鳍及尾鳍后缘均具明显的白边白边真鲨Carcharhinus albimarginatus (Rüppell, 1837)=Carcharhinus platyrhynchus (Gilbert, 1892)最大体长300cm;分布于印度洋至太平洋的热带近海海域高翅真鲨Carcharhinus altimus (Springer, 1950)=Carcharhinus radamae Fourmanoir, 1961最大体长300cm;分布于全球范围内的大陆架外缘及上斜坡海域8(11)体颇粗壮,吻部短钝,俯视近方形;第二背鳍起点位于臀鳍起点之前;下颌齿较粗壮,边缘具锯齿9(10)第一背鳍高度大于第二背鳍的3.1倍;臀鳍内角呈锐角
安汶真鲨Carcharhinus amboinensis (Müller & Henle, 1839)=Carcharhinus ambioensis (Müller & Henle, 1839)(拼写错误)=Carcharias brachyrhynchos Bleeker, 1859=Carcharias henlei Bleeker, 1853最大体长280cm;分布于印度洋、东大西洋及西太平洋的热带至亚热带近海海域10(9)第一背鳍高度等于或小于第二背鳍的3.1倍;臀鳍内角呈钝角低鳍真鲨Carcharhinus leucas (Müller & Henle, 1839)=Carcharhinus azureus (Gilbert & Starks, 1904)=Carcharhinus nicaraguensis (Gill, 1877)=Carcharhinus vanrooyeni Smith, 1958=Carcharhinus zambezensis (Peters, 1852)=Carcharias spenceri Ogilby, 1910 =Galeolamna bogimba Whitley, 1943=Galeolamna mckaili Whitley, 1945=Prionodon platyodon Poey, 1860=Squalus obtusus Poey, 1861最大体长366cm;分布于全球热带至亚热带的淡水河川及沿海海域11(8)体不甚粗壮;吻部钝圆,俯视近椭圆形;第二背鳍起点与臀鳍起点相平;下颌齿较纤弱,边缘无锯齿铅灰真鲨Carcharhinus plumbeus (Nardo, 1827)=Carcharinus latistomus Fang & Wang, 1932(阔口真鲨)
=Carcharhinus japonicus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1850)(日本真鲨)=Carcharhinus milberti (Müller & Henle, 1839) =Carcharhinus platyodon Jord. & Ererm.=Carcharias ceruleus DeKay, 1842=Carcharias obtusirostris Moreau, 1881=Carcharias stevensi Ogilby, 1911=Galeolamna dorsalis Whitley, 1944 =Lamna caudata DeKay, 1842=Squalus caecchia Nardo, 1847最大体长300cm;分布于全球热带至温带的近海海域12(5)第一背鳍起点在胸鳍后角之后,或与胸鳍后角相对或稍前14(17)第一背鳍呈三角形;吻部扁平;椎骨数小于138枚15(16)胸鳍较宽,近似三角形,后缘平直;尾鳍前椎骨62-68枚杜氏真鲨Carcharhinus dussumieri (Müller & Henle, 1839)=Carcharias malabaricus Day, 187316(15)胸鳍较窄,呈镰状,后缘内凹;尾鳍前椎骨数55-63枚
爪哇真鲨Carcharhinus tjutjot (Bleeker, 1852)=Carcharias javanicus Bleeker, 1852
最大体长115cm;分布于西北太平洋及巽它群岛近海海域17(14)第一背鳍呈镰状;吻部浑圆;椎骨数多于134枚18(19)第二背鳍几乎全部呈黑色,黑色斑块边缘模糊西氏真鲨Carcharhinus sealei (Pietschmann, 1913)=Carcharias borneensis Seale, 1910 最大体长86cm;分布于南海、西印度洋及巽它群岛近海海域19(18)第二背鳍仅顶端1/3或2/3处呈黑色,黑色斑块边缘较清晰
20(21)第二背鳍高为全长的4.0-4.5% ;第一背鳍长为第二背鳍高的3.2-3.3倍;椎骨152-167枚科氏真鲨Carcharhinus coatesi (Whitley, 1939)最大体长88cm;分布于澳大利亚北部至新几内亚岛近海海域21(20)第二背鳍高为全长的2.9-3.6% ;第一背鳍长为第二背鳍高的4.1-5.6倍;椎骨134-147枚
霍氏真鲨Carcharhinus humani White & Weigmann, 201422(13)第二背鳍鳍尖浅色,或第二背鳍鳍尖黑色,但其它鳍尖亦具黑色尖端
黑尾真鲨Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos (Bleeker, 1856)=Carcharhinus amblyrhinchos (Bleeker, 1856)(拼写错误)=Carcharhinus amblyrhynchus (Bleeker, 1856)(拼写错误)=Carcharhinus wheeleri Garrick, 1982 (韦氏真鲨)=Carcharias nesiotes Snyder, 1904=Galeolamna coongoola Whitley, 1964=Galeolamna fowleri Whitley, 1944=Galeolamna tufiensis Whitley,1949最大体长265cm;分布于印度洋及太平洋的热带及亚热带近海海域26(27)吻较长,狭窄而钝尖;吻长为鼻孔间距的1.7-1.9倍长吻真鲨Carcharhinus signatus (Poey, 1868)=Hypoprion bigelowi Cadenat, 1956=Hypoprion longirostris Poey, 1876最大体长280cm;分布于大西洋温带至热带近海海域27(26)吻较短,钝圆,吻长为鼻孔间距的1.6倍以下
28(31)第二背鳍起点位于臀鳍起点之后;第二背鳍、胸鳍及尾鳍下叶具有黑色尖端29(30)第二背鳍低矮,其基底长度为高度的2倍以上;颌齿边缘具细锯齿沙拉真鲨Carcharhinus sorrah (Müller & Henle, 1839)
=Carcharhinus bleekeri (Duméril, 1865) =Carcharhinus spallanzani (Péron & Lesueur, 1822) =Carcharias taeniatus Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1899=Galeolamna isobel Whitley, 1947最大体长166cm;分布于印度洋及西太平洋的热带至亚热带海域30(29)第二背鳍较高,其基底长度为高度的1.4-1.6倍;颌齿边缘光滑半齿真鲨Carcharhinus hemiodon (Müller & Henle, 1839)=Hypoprion atripinnisChu,1960(黑鳍基齿鲨)=Carcharias watu Setna & Sarangdhar, 194631(28)第二背鳍起点与于臀鳍起点相对;各鳍尖端呈暗色或素色,无清晰的黑斑
32(33)第一背鳍上角圆突;两背鳍间距为第一背鳍高度的3倍以上镰状真鲨Carcharhinus falciformis (Müller & Henle, 1839)=Carcharhinus falciformes (Bibron,1839)(拼写错误)=Carcharhinus mensorrah (Valenciennes,1839)(黑印真鲨)=Carcharhinus atrodorsus Deng, Xiong & Zhan, 1981(黑背真鲨)=Aprionodon sitankaiensis Herre, 1934
=Carcharhinus floridanus Bigelow, Schroeder & Springer, 1943=Carcharias falcipinnis Lowe, 1839=Eulamia malpeloensis Fowler, 1944=Gymnorhinus pharaonis Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1899 =Prionodon tiburo (Poey, 1860)最大体长371cm;分布于全球热带至亚热带的开阔海域33(32)第一背鳍上角钝尖;两背鳍间距为第一背鳍的2倍左右甚至更小
34(35)上颌齿较窄,呈锥形;下颌齿22-26枚佩氏真鲨Carcharhinus perezii (Poey, 1876)=Carcharhinus perezi (Poey, 1876)(拼写错误)=Carcharhinus springeri (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1944)最大体长295cm;分布于西大西洋的热带至亚热带海域35(34)上颌齿较宽,呈三角形;下颌齿27-37枚
36(37)胸鳍几乎与躯干垂直;第一背鳍较高,后缘笔直,起点位于胸鳍内角之前或之上;尾鳍前椎骨103-109枚
直翅真鲨Carcharhinus galapagensis (Snodgrass & Heller, 1905)
最大体长370cm;分布于全球热带至亚热带的近海海域
37(36)胸鳍呈镰状,向后倾斜;第一背鳍较矮,后缘内凹,起点位于胸鳍内角之后;尾鳍前椎骨89-95枚
灰真鲨Carcharhinus obscurus (Lesueur, 1818)
=Carcharhinus obscurella Deng, Xiong & Zhan, 1981(暗体真鲨)=Carcharhinus macrops Liu, 1983(大眼真鲨,目前尚存争议)=Carcharhinus iranzae Fourmanoir, 1961=Carcharias macrurus Ramsay & Ogilby, 1887=Carcharinus iranzae Fourmanoir, 1961=Galeolamna eblis Whitley, 1944=Galeolamna greyi Owen, 1853=Prionodon obvelatus Valenciennes, 1844最大体长420cm;分布于全球温带至热带的近海海域
38(25)两背鳍间无纵嵴
39(42)尾鳍后缘具窄而连续的黑边;胸鳍、第二背鳍及尾鳍下叶末端均呈黑色
40(41)第一背鳍呈三角形,顶端具黑色斑块
乌翅真鲨Carcharhinus melanopterus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)
=Carcharhinus melanoptures(Quoy&Gaimard,1824)(拼写错误)=Carcharhinus melanoterus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) (拼写错误)=Carcharias commersoni (Blainville, 1816) =Carcharias elegans Ehrenberg, 1871=Carcharias marianensis Engelhardt, 1912=Carcharias playfairii Günther, 1870=Hypoprion playfairi (Günther, 1870)=Squalus ustus Duméril, 1824最大体长180cm;分布于印度洋及太平洋的热带至亚热带近海海域41(40)第一背鳍呈镰状,顶端素色
澳洲真鲨Carcharhinus cautus (Whitley, 1945)
最大体长150cm;分布于澳大利亚北部沿海海域
42(39)尾鳍后缘不具窄而连续的黑边;胸鳍、第二背鳍及尾鳍下叶末端呈黑色或素色
44(45)上下颌齿边缘光滑,仅基部具小齿头;吻延长而尖突;头长约为全长的1/4;第一背鳍内缘极长,约为鳍基长度的2/3
麦氏真鲨Carcharhinus macloti (Müller & Henle, 1839)最大体长110cm;分布于印度洋及西太平洋的热带及亚热带近海海域45(44)上下颌齿边缘具锯齿;吻中长,稍突出;头长约为全长的1/5;第一背鳍内缘较短,约为鳍基长度的1/346(49)舌颌骨孔沿颌角明显扩大;第二背鳍较低,其内缘长为其高度的2.2-2.4倍47(48)上颌齿22-26枚;下颌齿22-25枚
印尼真鲨Carcharhinus borneensis (Bleeker, 1858)48(47)上颌齿27-31枚;下颌齿26-29枚逝绝真鲨Carcharhinus obsoletus White, Kyne & Harris, 2019=Carcharhinus obsolerus White,Kyne&Harris,2019(拼写错误)49(46)舌颌骨孔不扩大;第二背鳍较高,其内缘长为其高度的1.4-1.9倍小尾真鲨Carcharhinus porosus (Ranzani, 1839)=Carcharias henlei Müller & Henle, 1839狡黠真鲨Carcharhinus cerdale Gilbert, 189853(54)上颌齿24-28枚;吻部末端呈黑色或深灰色黑吻真鲨Carcharhinus acronotus (Poey, 1860)=Prionodon cucuri Castelnau, 1855最大体长164cm;分布于西大西洋的热带至亚热带近海海域55(56)鳃裂短小,仅占全长的3%;胸鳍宽大,呈三角形昆士兰真鲨Carcharhinus fitzroyensis (Whitley, 1943)56(55)鳃裂较长,为全长的4%以上;胸鳍狭长,近镰状
58(59)上颌齿呈三角形而向后侧倾斜,边缘具锯齿;胸鳍长,前缘长度占全长的16-21%短尾真鲨Carcharhinus brachyurus (Günther, 1870)=Carcharhinus remotoides Deng, Xiong & Zhan, 1981(远鳍真鲨)=Carcharhinus acarenatus Moreno & Hoyos, 1983=Carcharhinus ahenea (Stead, 1938)=Carcharhinus improvisus Smith, 1952=Carcharhinus remotus (Duméril, 1865)=Carcharhinus rochensis Abella, 1972 =Carcharias lamiella Jordan & Gilbert, 1882=Galeolamna greyi Owen, 1853最大体长325cm;分布于全球范围内的温带近海海域59(58)上颌齿纤细而直立,边缘光滑;胸鳍短,前缘长度约占全长的13%长孔真鲨Carcharhinus isodon (Müller & Henle, 1839)=Aprionodon punctatus Gill, 1861最大体长189cm;分布于墨西哥湾及南美洲东北部沿海海域61(62)上唇褶长;两背鳍间距超过第一背鳍高度的2.2倍短鳍真鲨Carcharhinus brevipinna (Müller & Henle, 1839)=Carcharhinus brevipina (Valenciennes, 1839) (拼写错误)=Aprionodon caparti Poll,1951=Carcharhinus johnsoni Smith, 1951=Carcharhinus maculipinnis (Poey, 1865)=Longmania calamaria Whitley, 1944=Uranga nasuta Whitley, 1943最大体长304cm;分布于全球范围内的热带至温带近海海域62(61)上唇褶短;两背鳍间距小于第一背鳍高度的2倍
63(64)上颌齿边缘光滑;第一背鳍起点位于胸鳍里角之后
光齿真鲨Carcharhinus leiodon Garrick, 198564(63)上颌齿边缘具弱锯齿;第一背鳍起点位于胸鳍里角之前65(66)吻部短钝,吻长为鼻孔间隔的1-1.2倍;第二背鳍高度为其后缘长的1-1.2倍圆吻真鲨Carcharhinus amblyrhynchoides (Whitley, 1934)=Carcharhinus amblyrhinchoides (Whitley, 1934)(拼写错误)=Carcharhinus pleurotaenia (Bleeker, 1852)最大体长182cm;分布于印度洋及西太平洋的热带至亚热带近海海域66(65)吻部尖锐,吻长为鼻孔间隔的1.3-1.7倍;第二背鳍高度为其后缘长的1.1-1.6倍67(68)椎骨数182-203枚,尾鳍前椎骨94-102枚黑边鳍真鲨Carcharhinus limbatus (Müller & Henle, 1839)=Carcharias pleurotaenia Bleeker, 1852(侧条真鲨)=Carcharhinus natator Meek & Hildebrand, 1923=Carcharias abbreviatus Klunzinger, 1871=Carcharias aethalorus Jordan & Gilbert, 1882=Carcharias ehrenbergi Klunzinger, 1871=Carcharias maculipinna Günther, 1868=Carcharias microps Lowe, 1841=Carcharias muelleri Steindachner, 1867=Carcharias phorcys Jordan & Evermann, 1903最大体长286cm;分布于全球热带至温带的近海海域68(67)椎骨数174-182枚;尾鳍前椎骨94-102枚蒂氏真鲨Carcharhinus tilstoni (Whitley, 1950)(部分学者认为其与黑边鳍真鲨为同一物种,目前尚存争议)
Leonard J.V. Compagno(1984),Vol.4 Sharks of the World:An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to DateLeonard J.V. Compagno, William T. White& Peter R. Last(2008),Glyphis garricki sp. nov., a new species of river shark (Carcharhiniformes:Carcharhinidae) from northern Australia and Papua New Guinea,with a redescription of Glyphis glyphis (Müller & Henle, 1839)White, W.T., P.R. Last and G.J.P. Naylor(2010),Scoliodon macrorhynchos (Bleeker, 1852), a second species of spadenose shark from the Western Pacific (Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae)W. White, G. Naylor, M. Harris(2010),Resurrection and redescription of the Borneo Broadfin Shark Lamiopsis tephrodes (Fowler, 1905) (Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae)JoséI.Castro(2011),Resurrection of the name Carcharhinus cerdale, a species different from Carcharhinus porosusAlec B. M. Moore, William T. White, Robert D. Ward,Gavin J. P. Naylor and Richard Peirce(2011),Rediscovery and redescription of the smoothtooth blacktip shark, Carcharhinus leiodon (Carcharhinidae), from Kuwait, with notes on its possible conservation statusWhite, W.T.(2012),A redescription of Carcharhinus dussumieri and C. sealei, with resurrection of C. coatesi and C. tjutjot as valid species (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhinidae)White, W. and S. Weigmann(2014),Carcharhinus humani sp. nov., a new whale shark (Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae) from the western Indian OceanKeanChongLim, William T. White, Amy Y. H. Then, Gavin J. P. Naylor, Sirachai Arunrugstichai and Kar‐Hoe Loh (2022) Integrated Taxonomy Revealed Genetic Differences in Morphologically Similar and Non‐Sympatric Scoliodon macrorhynchos and S. laticaudus朱元鼎,孟庆闻(2001),中国动物志:圆口纲、软骨鱼纲
伍汉霖,钟俊生(2021),中国海洋及河口鱼类系统检索