【地球演义】第二百八十七回 幽蓝幻想曲3:巍峨的背脊
最出名,也最重要的杯椎鱼龙当属 Cymbospondylus petrinus ,井蛙姑且译为“佩氏杯椎鱼龙”。佩氏杯椎鱼龙是最早发现(1868年)和命名(1908年)的鱼龙之一。它的模式标本非常完整,后来发现杯椎鱼龙或其他鱼龙的复原多多少少都参考了它的身体比例。
但佩氏杯椎鱼龙竟然还远没有达到杯椎鱼龙的体型上限。2021年,又是在内华达州奥古斯塔山脉,人们找到了一块近2米长的鱼龙头骨化石,命名为杨氏杯椎鱼龙 Cymbospondylus youngorum 。
前几回一直提到的贵州鱼龙 Guizhouichthyosaurus 也是萨斯特鱼龙科的成员,体长5米和长喙贝萨诺龙差不多,但它却吞噬了4米长的新浦龙,可见是个狠角色。
对了,根据文献[11],贵州鱼龙其实是萨斯特鱼龙属的,应该更名为邓氏萨斯特鱼龙 Shastasaurus tangae 。
再来就是大名鼎鼎的西藏喜马拉雅鱼龙 Himalayasaurus tibetensis 。这个,因为有各位大佬珠玉在前,井蛙实在没什么可狗尾续貂的了。借用博主长鲸吟的图片和结论吧:
“综合所有信息西藏喜马拉雅鱼龙应该是一种15米以上的巨型掠食性鱼龙,具有高度特化适合切割大型猎物的牙齿,可能主要以三叠纪丰富的海生羊膜动物为食,统治着晚三叠纪东特提斯洋丰饶的浅海。”
——以上图文全部来源自:长鲸吟,《利用有限信息复原喜马拉雅鱼龙及其生态》
接下来把目光转向北美。美国内华达州简直称得上是巨型鱼龙的巢窟。在杨氏杯椎鱼龙之后,又孕育出了通俗秀尼鱼龙 Shonisaurus popularis 这样的明星。
通俗秀尼鱼龙体型不算特别巨大,但胜在数量多。柏林鱼龙州立公园(Berlin-Ichthyosaur State Park)被称为巨型鱼龙的“陈尸之所(death bed)”。37具通俗秀尼鱼龙扎堆在这里变成了化石 。
井蛙注意到这张地图上出现了一个地名:Pink Mountain,即平克山。这让我立刻想起了“平克山大鱼龙”。但是“平克山大鱼龙”这个称谓似乎只存在于中文网络,井蛙尝试过用“Pink Mountain”和“Ichthyosaur/Shastasaurus/Shonisaurus/fissil/Triassic”等等关键词组合,都没有搜索到关于“平克山大鱼龙”的文献和论述。只有文献[18]提到在平克山附近发现了一种主龙类西卡尼鳄 Sikannisuchus huskyi 。所以井蛙怀疑“平克山大鱼龙”就是TMP 94.378.2,即西卡尼萨斯特鱼龙。如果井蛙弄错了,欢迎大家指正,并提供资料。
“阿尔卑斯大鱼龙”(井蛙瞎取的名字)
“利尔斯托克大鱼龙Lilstock Ichthyosaur”
“奥斯特大鱼龙Aust specimen”
“新西兰大鱼龙”
地球名片 生物分类:动物界-脊索动物门-脊椎动物亚门-羊膜类-蜥形纲-双孔类-鱼龙形态类-鱼龙超目-鱼龙目-玛丽安鱼龙亚目-萨斯特鱼龙科 存在时间:中三叠世 至 早侏罗世早期 现存种类:无 化石种类:未定名标本多,学名改变频繁,难以完整统计 生活环境:海洋 代表特征:普遍体型巨大 主要属种:秀尼鱼龙属,萨斯特鱼龙属,喜马拉雅鱼龙属,贝萨诺龙属
参考文献
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